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Categories: Engineering: Biometric, Paleontology: General
Published Smilodon's sabre teeth
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers have tested the biting efficiency of Smilodon, an extinct species of carnivore close to the extant felines. Using high-precision 3D scans and simulation methods, the team has just revealed how these animals managed to bite despite the impressive length of their teeth.
Published Discovery of world's oldest DNA breaks record by one million years
(via sciencedaily.com) Two-million-year-old DNA has been identified -- opening a 'game-changing' new chapter in the history of evolution. Microscopic fragments of environmental DNA were found in Ice Age sediment in northern Greenland. Using cutting-edge technology, researchers discovered the fragments are one million years older than the previous record for DNA sampled from a Siberian mammoth bone. The ancient DNA has been used to map a two-million-year-old ecosystem which weathered extreme climate change.
Published For 400 years, Indigenous tribes buffered climate's impact on wildfires in the American Southwest
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Devastating megafires are becoming more common, in part, because the planet is warming. But a new study suggests bringing 'good fire' back to the U.S. and other wildfire fire-prone areas, as Native Americans once did, could potentially blunt the role of climate in triggering today's wildfires.
Published Dinosaurs were on the up before asteroid downfall
(via sciencedaily.com) Dinosaurs dominated the world right up until a deadly asteroid hit the earth, leading to their mass extinction, some 66 million years ago, a landmark study reveals. Fresh insights into dinosaurs' ecosystems -- the habitats and food types that supported their lives -- suggests that their environments were robust and thriving, right up until that fateful day, at the end of the Cretaceous period.
Published Automatic speaker recognition technology outperforms human listeners in the courtroom
(via sciencedaily.com) The forensic-voice-comparison system, based on state-of-the-art automatic-speaker-recognition technology, outperformed all the listeners.
Published New report offers blueprint for regulation of facial recognition technology
(via sciencedaily.com) A new report outlines a model law for facial recognition technology to protect against harmful use of this technology, but also foster innovation for public benefit.
Published How old is that fingerprint?
(via sciencedaily.com) Forensic dramas on TV make it seem easy to determine when fingerprints were left at the scene of a crime. In reality, the oils in fingerprints degrade over time, and it's difficult to figure out their age. Now, researchers have discovered molecular markers for changes to these oils over a seven-day time period -- information that could be used to estimate fingerprints' ages more accurately.
Published Optical imaging of dynamic interactions between molecules in a cell
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers develop the 'photoswitching fingerprint analysis'. A unique technology that for the first time allows the analysis of molecular processes and the regulation of individual proteins in living cells with sub-10 nm spatial resolution. The application ranges from biological to medical research.
Published Sniffing out your identity with breath biometrics
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed an artificial 'nose' that can identify individuals from their breath. Built with a 16-channel sensor array that can detect different compounds found in a person's breath, the olfactory sensor system has the potential to become another option in the biometric security toolkit. Combined with machine learning, the 'artificial nose' was able to authenticate up to 20 individuals with an average accuracy of more than 97%.
Published Sensor imperfections are perfect for forensic camera analysis
(via sciencedaily.com) In a project aimed at developing intelligent tools to fight child exploitation, computer scientists have developed a system to analyze the noise produced by individual cameras. This information can be used to link a video or an image to a particular camera.
Published Radio waves for the detection of hardware tampering
(via sciencedaily.com) Up to now, protecting hardware against manipulation has been a laborious business: expensive, and only possible on a small scale. And yet, two simple antennas might do the trick.
Published Bluetooth signals can be used to identify and track smartphones
(via sciencedaily.com) A team of engineers has demonstrated for the first time that the Bluetooth signals emitted constantly by our mobile phones have a unique fingerprint that can be used to track individuals' movements.
Published Forensic scientists improve touch DNA collection methods
(via sciencedaily.com) Skin cells and their DNA varies between individuals, but new data shows that some groups of people have higher variability in their cell deposits. The South Australian forensic science researchers are building a suite of new insights into crime scene investigation -- including the difference between high, intermediate and low skin 'shedders' that will help understanding of trace or 'touch DNA'.
Published Turning any camera into a polarization camera
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed a metasurface attachment that can turn just about any camera or imaging system, even off-the-shelf systems, into polarization cameras. The attachment uses a metasurface of subwavelength nanopillars to direct light based on its polarization and compiles an image that captures polarization at every pixel.
Published Real-world study shows the potential of gait authentication to enhance smartphone security
(via sciencedaily.com) A study showed that -- within an appropriate framework -- gait recognition could be a viable technique for protecting individuals and their data from potential crime.
Published Bulletproof fingerprint technology takes images in the round
(via sciencedaily.com) Experts have developed a unique method for retrieving high resolution images of fingermarks from curved objects like bullet casings that offers greater detail and accuracy than traditional forensic methods.
Published Securing data transfers with relativity
(via sciencedaily.com) To counter hacking, researchers have developed a new system based on the concept of 'zero-knowledge proofs', the security of which is based on the physical principle of relativity: information cannot travel faster than the speed of light. Thus, one of the fundamental principles of modern physics allows for secure data transfer.
Published Solid, liquid, or gas? Technique quickly identifies physical state of tissues and tumors
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers report that the way a tissue's cells are arranged can serve as a fingerprint for the tissue's 'phase' -- whether it is more like a solid, liquid, or gas. For example, tumors that are more solid may be relatively stable, whereas more fluid-like growths could be more prone to mutate and metastasize.
Published Many US adults worry about facial image data in healthcare settings
(via sciencedaily.com) Uses of facial images and facial recognition technologies -- to unlock a phone or in airport security -- are becoming increasingly common in everyday life. But how do people feel about using such data in healthcare and biomedical research?
Published New DNA-based chip can be programmed to solve complex math problems
(via sciencedaily.com) A novel chip automates the reaction cascades occurring between molecules inside DNA to carry out complex mathematical calculations.