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Categories: Geoscience: Volcanoes, Space: Structures and Features
Published Describing the devastating eruption in Tonga
(via sciencedaily.com) On January 15, the volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai devastated the nation of Tonga. The eruption triggered tsunamis as far afield as the Caribbean and generated atmospheric waves that travelled around the globe several times. Meanwhile, the volcano's plume shot gas and ash through the stratosphere into the lower mesosphere.
Published Methane could be the first detectable indication of life beyond Earth
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new study assesses the planetary context in which the detection of methane in an exoplanet's atmosphere could be considered a compelling sign of life.
Published Ancient helium leaking from core offers clues to Earth's formation
(via sciencedaily.com) Helium-3, a rare isotope of helium gas, is leaking out of Earth's core, a new study reports. Because almost all helium-3 is from the Big Bang, the gas leak adds evidence that Earth formed inside a solar nebula, which has long been debated.
Published Mysterious death of carbon star plays out like six-ring circus
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists studying V Hydrae (V Hya) have witnessed the star's mysterious death throes in unprecedented detail. The team discovered six slowly-expanding rings and two hourglass-shaped structures caused by the high-speed ejection of matter out into space.
Published Researchers map the movement of white dwarfs of the Milky Way
(via sciencedaily.com) White dwarfs were once normal stars similar to the Sun but then collapsed after exhausting all their fuel. These interstellar remnants have historically been difficult to study. However, a recent study reveals new information about the movement patterns of these puzzling stars.
Published The oxidation of volcanoes -- a magma opus
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study unlocks the science behind a key ingredient -- namely oxygen -- in some of the world's most violent volcanoes. The research offers a new model for understanding the oxidation state of arc magmas, the lavas that form some volcanoes, such as the one that erupted dramatically in Tonga earlier this year. The plume from Tonga's underwater volcanic eruption on Jan. 15 rose 36 miles into the air. Ash from the volcano reached the mesosphere, Earth's third layer of atmosphere.
Published Look! Up in the sky! Is it a planet? Nope, just a star
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Among thousands of known exoplanets, astronomers have flagged three that are actually stars.
Published Scientists announce discovery of supermassive binary black holes
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have discovered a supermassive black hole binary system, one of only two known such systems.
Published Water determines magma depth, a key to accurate models of volcanic activity, eruption
(via sciencedaily.com) Around the world, between 40 and 50 volcanoes are currently erupting or in states of unrest, and hundreds of millions of people are at risk of hazards posed by these potentially active volcanos. Yet, despite the profound hazards posed to human life and property by volcanic eruptions, humanity still cannot reliably and accurately predict them, and even when forecasts are accurately made by experts, they may not afford ample time for people to evacuate and make emergency preparations.
Published Black hole billiards in the centers of galaxies
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers provide the first plausible explanation to why one of the most massive black hole pairs observed to date by gravitational waves also seemed to merge on a non-circular orbit. Their suggested solution involves a chaotic triple drama inside a giant disk of gas around a super massive black hole in a galaxy far, far away.
Published Mathematical discovery could shed light on secrets of the Universe
(via sciencedaily.com) How can Einstein's theory of gravity be unified with quantum mechanics? It is a challenge that could give us deep insights into phenomena such as black holes and the birth of the universe. Now, a new article presents results that cast new light on important challenges in understanding quantum gravity.
Published Event horizons are tunable factories of quantum entanglement
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Physicists have leveraged quantum information theory techniques to reveal a mechanism for amplifying, or 'stimulating,' the production of entanglement in the Hawking effect in a controlled manner. Furthermore, these scientists propose a protocol for testing this idea in the laboratory using artificially produced event horizons.
Published Nealtican lava flow field, Popocatépetl volcano: A window to the past and future hazards
(via sciencedaily.com) The Popocatépetl volcano, located southeast of Mexico City, stands as the second highest peak in Mexico and is considered to be one of the potentially most dangerous volcanoes in the world, given its record of highly explosive eruptions over the last 23,000 years.
Published Dark energy: Neutron stars will tell us if it's only an illusion
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists provide the first simulation of neutron star collisions in extensions of general relativity relevant for cosmology, offering a new approach to test gravity.
Published 'Closest black hole' system found to contain no black hole
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source In 2020, astronomers reported the closest black hole to Earth, located just 1000 light-years away in the HR 6819 system. But the results of their study were contested by other researchers. In a new paper, these two teams have united to report that there is in fact no black hole in HR 6819, which is instead a 'vampire' two-star system in a rare and short-lived stage of its evolution.
Published Hidden weaknesses within volcanoes may cause volcano collapse
(via sciencedaily.com) Lava domes form at the top of many volcanoes when viscous lava erupts. When they become unstable, they can collapse and cause a hazard. An international team of researchers has analyzed summit dome instabilities at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia. The researchers hope that by understanding the inner processes, volcano collapses can be better forecasted.
Published New simulations refine axion mass, refocusing dark matter search
(via sciencedaily.com) Axions are today's most popular candidate for dark matter, and numerous experiments are trying to detect them in microwave cavities where the axion should rarely convert into an electromagnetic wave. But a new simulation of the production of axions in the early universe provides a more refined mass estimate, and higher frequency for the EM wave, that is outside the range of these experiments. The new mass comes from adaptive mesh refinement in supercomputer simulations.
Published Astronomers map mysterious element in space
(via sciencedaily.com) A research team has provided an important clue to the origin of the element Ytterbium in the Milky Way, by showing that the element largely originates from supernova explosions. The groundbreaking research also provides new opportunities for studying the evolution of our galaxy.
Published Ancient dwarf galaxy reconstructed with MilkyWay@home volunteer computer
(via sciencedaily.com) Astrophysicists for the first time have calculated the original mass and size of a dwarf galaxy that was shredded in a collision with the Milky Way billions of years ago.
Published Ultraprecise atomic clock poised for new physics discoveries
(via sciencedaily.com) Physicists have made one of the highest performance atomic clocks ever. Their instrument, known as an optical lattice atomic clock, can measure differences in time to a precision equivalent to losing just one second every 300 billion years and is the first example of a 'multiplexed' optical clock, where six separate clocks can exist in the same environment. Its design allows the team to test ways to search for gravitational waves, attempt to detect dark matter, and discover new physics with clocks.