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Categories: Geoscience: Geology, Physics: Optics
Published Distortion-free forms of structured light
(via sciencedaily.com) Research offers a new approach to studying complex light in complex systems, such as transporting classical and quantum light through optical fiber, underwater channels, living tissue and other highly aberrated systems.
Published This loofah-inspired, sun-driven gel could purify all the water you'll need in a day
(via sciencedaily.com) Access to clean water is being strained as the human population increases and contamination impacts freshwater sources. Devices currently in development that clean up dirty water using sunlight can only produce up to a few gallons of water each day. But now, researchers in ACS Central Science report how loofah sponges inspired a sunlight-powered porous hydrogel that could potentially purify enough water to satisfy someone's daily needs -- even when it's cloudy.
Published Scientists detect molten rock layer hidden under Earth's tectonic plates
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists have discovered a new layer of partly molten rock under the Earth's crust that might help settle a long-standing debate about how tectonic plates move. The molten layer is located about 100 miles from the surface and is part of the asthenosphere, which is important for plate tectonics because it forms a relatively soft boundary that lets tectonic plates move through the mantle. The researchers found, however that the melt does not appear to notably influence the flow of mantle rocks. Instead, they say, the discovery confirms that the convection of heat and rock in the mantle are the prevailing influence on the motion of the plates.
Published New method for generating spinning thermal radiation uncovered
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers have made a groundbreaking discovery in the field of thermal radiation, uncovering a new method for generating spinning thermal radiation in a controlled and efficient manner using artificially structured surfaces, known as metasurfaces.
Published Study reveals new clues about how 'Earth's thermostat' controls climate
(via sciencedaily.com) Rocks, rain and carbon dioxide help control Earth's climate over thousands of years -- like a thermostat -- through a process called weathering. A new study may improve our understanding of how this thermostat responds as temperatures change.
Published Entangled atoms cross quantum network from one lab to another
(via sciencedaily.com) Trapped ions have previously only been entangled in one and the same laboratory. Now, teams have entangled two ions over a distance of 230 meters. The nodes of this network were housed in two labs at the Campus Technik to the west of Innsbruck, Austria. The experiment shows that trapped ions are a promising platform for future quantum networks that span cities and eventually continents.
Published Researchers devise a new path toward 'quantum light'
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have theorized a new mechanism to generate high-energy 'quantum light', which could be used to investigate new properties of matter at the atomic scale.
Published Passive radiative cooling can now be controlled electrically
(via sciencedaily.com) Energy-efficient ways of cooling buildings and vehicles will be required in a changing climate. Researchers have now shown that electrical tuning of passive radiative cooling can be used to control temperatures of a material at ambient temperatures and air pressure.
Published Plasma-Structural Coloring: A new colorful approach to an inkless future
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source New developments for achieving structural coloring through plasma irradiation of graphite can reduce the reliance upon harmful color dyes. Colors achieved by plasma irradiation are completely erasable and can be manipulated using time exposed to the plasma irradiation, intensity of the irradiation and the thickness of the graphite layer applied. The application of plasma-structural coloring aims to lessen the environmental toll typical adverse dyes have and combat them with the technology surrounding structural colors.
Published 'Ghostly mirrors' for high-power lasers
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Laser-driven 'mirrors' capable of reflecting or manipulating light have been produced.
Published Looking back at the Tonga eruption
(via sciencedaily.com) A 'back-projection' technique reveals new details of the volcanic eruption in Tonga that literally shook the world.
Published Mercury helps to detail Earth's most massive extinction event
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists are working to understand the cause and how the events of the LPME unfolded by focusing on mercury from Siberian volcanoes that ended up in sediments in Australia and South Africa.
Published Meteorites reveal likely origin of Earth's volatile chemicals
(via sciencedaily.com) By analyzing meteorites, researchers have uncovered the likely far-flung origin of Earth's volatile chemicals, some of which form the building blocks of life.
Published Satellite data shows sustained severe drought in Europe
(via sciencedaily.com) Europe lacks groundwater -- a lot of groundwater. The continent has already been suffering from a severe drought since 2018. This is confirmed by satellite data.
Published Immense diversity and interdependence in high temp deep-sea microorganism communities
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study finds that microorganisms live in richly diverse and interdependent communities in high-temperature geothermal environments in the deep sea. By constructing genomes of 3,635 Bacteria and Archaea from 40 different rock communities, researchers discovered at least 500 new genera and have evidence for two new phyla. Samples from the deep-sea Brothers volcano were especially enriched with different kinds of microorganisms, many endemic to the volcano. The genomic data from this study also showed that many of these organisms depend on one another for survival. Some microorganisms cannot metabolize all of the nutrients they need to survive so they rely on nutrients created by other species in a process known as a 'metabolic handoff.'
Published Asteroid findings from specks of space dust could save the planet
(via sciencedaily.com) New research into the durability and age of an ancient asteroid made of rocky rubble and dust, revealed significant findings that could contribute to potentially saving the planet if one ever hurtled toward Earth.
Published Rare opportunity to study short-lived volcanic island reveals sulfur-metabolizing microbes
(via sciencedaily.com) On the short-lived island of Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai, researchers discovered a unique microbial community that metabolizes sulfur and atmospheric gases, similar to organisms found in deep sea vents or hot springs.
Published Researchers uncover secrets on how Alaska's Denali Fault formed
(via sciencedaily.com) New findings begin to fill major gaps in understanding about how geological faults behave and appear as they deepen, and they could eventually help lead future researchers to develop better earthquake models on strike-slip faults, regions with frequent and major earthquakes.
Published Study offers most detailed glimpse yet of planet's last 11,000 summers and winters
(via sciencedaily.com) An international team of collaborators have revealed the most detailed look yet at the planet's recent climactic history, including summer and winter temperatures dating back 11,000 years to the beginning of what is known as the Holocene.
Published Map of ancient ocean 'dead zones' could predict future locations, impacts
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have created a map of oceanic 'dead zones' that existed during the Pliocene epoch, when the Earth's climate was two to three degrees warmer than it is now. The work could provide a glimpse into the locations and potential impacts of future low oxygen zones in a warmer Earth's oceans.