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Categories: Offbeat: Space, Physics: Optics
Published Evidence that Venus is volcanically active
(via sciencedaily.com) Venus appears to have volcanic activity, according to a new research paper that offers strong evidence to answer the lingering question about whether Earth's sister planet currently has eruptions and lava flows.
Published Remains of a modern glacier found near Mars' equator implies water ice possibly present at low latitudes on Mars even today
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists revealed the discovery of a relict glacier near Mars' equator. Located in Eastern Noctis Labyrinthus at coordinates 7° 33' S, 93° 14' W, this finding is significant as it implies the presence of surface water ice on Mars in recent times, even near the equator. This discovery raises the possibility that ice may still exist at shallow depths in the area, which could have significant implications for future human exploration.
Published Filming proteins in motion
(via sciencedaily.com) Proteins are the heavy-lifters of biochemistry. These beefy molecules act as building blocks, receptors, processors, couriers and catalysts. Naturally, scientists have devoted a lot of research to understanding and manipulating proteins.
Published Researchers control the degree of twist in nanostructured particles
(via sciencedaily.com) Micron-sized 'bow ties,' self-assembled from nanoparticles, form a variety of different curling shapes that can be precisely controlled, a research team has shown.
Published Mix-and-match kit could enable astronauts to build a menagerie of lunar exploration bots
(via sciencedaily.com) The Walking Oligomeric Robotic Mobility System, or WORMS, is a reconfigurable, modular, multiagent robotics architecture for extreme lunar terrain mobility. The system could be used to assemble autonomous worm-like parts into larger biomimetic robots that could explore lava tubes, steep slopes, and the moon's permanently shadowed regions.
Published Spatial patterns in distribution of galaxies
(via sciencedaily.com) In an unlikely pairing, a chemist and an astrophysicist applied the tools of statistical mechanics to find similarities in spatial patterns across length scales.
Published Observations open door to improved luminous efficiency of organic LEDs
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists succeeded in directly observing how LECs -- which are attracting attention as one of the post-organic LEDs -- change their electronic state over time during field emission by measuring their optical absorption via lamp light irradiation for the first time. This research method can be applied to all light-emitting devices, including not only LECs but also organic LEDs. This method is expected to reveal detailed electroluminescence processes and lead to the early detection of factors that reduce the efficiency of electroluminescence.
Published Scientists demonstrate time reflection of electromagnetic waves in a groundbreaking experiment
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Scientists have hypothesized for over six decades the possibility of observing a form of wave reflections known as temporal, or time, reflections. Researchers detail a breakthrough experiment in which they were able to observe time reflections of electromagnetic signals in a tailored metamaterial.
Published High-speed super-resolution microscopy via temporal compression
(via sciencedaily.com) Recently, a research team resolved the contradiction between spatial resolution and imaging speed in optical microscopy. They achieved high-speed super-resolution by developing an effective technique termed temporal compressive super-resolution microscopy (TCSRM). TCSRM merges enhanced temporal compressive microscopy with deep-learning-based super-resolution image reconstruction. Enhanced temporal compressive microscopy improves the imaging speed by reconstructing multiple images from one compressed image, and the deep-learning-based image reconstruction achieves the super-resolution effect without reduction in imaging speed. Their iterative image reconstruction algorithm contains motion estimation, merging estimation, scene correction, and super-resolution processing to extract the super-resolution image sequence from compressed and reference measurements.
Published Researchers find access to new fluorescent materials
(via sciencedaily.com) Fluorescence is a fascinating natural phenomenon. It is based on the fact that certain materials can absorb light of a certain wavelength and then emit light of a different wavelength. Fluorescent materials play an important role in our everyday lives, for example in modern screens. Due to the high demand for applications, science is constantly striving to produce new and easily accessible molecules with high fluorescence efficiency.
Published Hotter than infinity: Light pulses can behave like an exotic gas
(via sciencedaily.com) In our modern society huge amounts of data are transmitted every day, mainly as short optical pulses propagating through glass fibers. With the steadily increasing density of such optical signals, their interaction grows, which can lead to data loss. Physicists are now investigating how to control large numbers of optical pulses as precisely as possible to reduce the effect of such interactions. To this end they have monitored an ensemble of optical pulses as they propagated through an optical fiber and have found that it follows fixed rules -- albeit mainly those of thermodynamics.
Published Ringing an electronic wave: Elusive massive phason observed in a charge density wave
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have detected the existence of a charge density wave of electrons that acquires mass as it interacts with the background lattice ions of the material over long distances.
Published Colloids get creative to pave the way for next generation photonics
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists have devised a way of fabricating a complex structure, previously found only in nature, to open up new ways for manipulating and controlling light.
Published In the world's smallest ball game, scientists throw and catch single atoms using light
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers show that individual atoms can be caught and thrown using light. This is the first time an atom has been released from a trap -- or thrown -- and then caught by another trap. This technology could be used in quantum computing applications.
Published ALMA traces history of water in planet formation back to the interstellar medium
(via sciencedaily.com) Observations of water in the disk forming around protostar V883 Ori have unlocked clues about the formation of comets and planetesimals in our own solar system.
Published Enhancing at-home COVID tests with glow-in-the dark materials
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers are using glow-in-the-dark materials to enhance and improve rapid COVID-19 home tests.
Published The planet that could end life on Earth
(via sciencedaily.com) A terrestrial planet hovering between Mars and Jupiter would be able to push Earth out of the solar system and wipe out life on this planet, according to a recent experiment.
Published Graphene quantum dots show promise as novel magnetic field sensors
(via sciencedaily.com) Trapped electrons traveling in circular loops at extreme speeds inside graphene quantum dots are highly sensitive to external magnetic fields and could be used as novel magnetic field sensors with unique capabilities, according to a new study.
Published Two-dimensional quantum freeze
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have succeeded in simultaneously cooling the motion of a tiny glass sphere in two dimensions to the quantum ground-state. This represents a crucial step towards a 3D ground-state cooling of a massive object and opens up new opportunities for the design of ultra-sensitive sensors.
Published Can artificial intelligence help find life on Mars or icy worlds?
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have mapped the sparse life hidden away in salt domes, rocks and crystals at Salar de Pajonales at the boundary of the Chilean Atacama Desert and Altiplano. Then they trained a machine learning model to recognize the patterns and rules associated with their distributions so it could learn to predict and find those same distributions in data on which it was not trained. In this case, by combining statistical ecology with AI/ML, the scientists could locate and detect biosignatures up to 87.5 percent of the time and decrease the area needed for search by up to 97 percent.