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Categories: Paleontology: Climate, Physics: General
Published Charming experiment finds gluon mass in the proton
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Nuclear physicists may have finally pinpointed where in the proton a large fraction of its mass resides. A recent experiment has revealed the radius of the proton's mass that is generated by the strong force as it glues together the proton's building block quarks.
Published Deep ocean currents around Antarctica headed for collapse, study finds
(via sciencedaily.com) Antarctic circulation could slow by more than 40 per cent over the next three decades, with significant implications for the oceans and the climate.
Published A reconstruction of prehistoric temperatures for some of the oldest archaeological sites in North America
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists often look to the past for clues about how Earth's landscapes might shift under a changing climate, and for insight into the migrations of human communities through time. A new study offers both by providing, for the first time, a reconstruction of prehistoric temperatures for some of the first known North American settlements.
Published Can a solid be a superfluid? Engineering a novel supersolid state from layered 2D materials
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Physicists predict that layered electronic 2D semiconductors can host a curious quantum phase of matter called the supersolid. This counterintuitive quantum material simultaneously forms a rigid crystal, and yet at the same time allows particles to flow without friction, with all the particles belong to the same single quantum state.
Published Cooking up plasmas with microwaves
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Scientists have created plasmas with fusion-suitable densities, using microwave power with low frequency. The research team has identified three important steps in the plasma production: lightning-like gas breakdown, preliminary plasma production, and steady-state plasma. Blasting the microwaves without alignment of Heliotron J's magnetic field created a discharge that ripped electrons from their atoms and produced an especially dense plasma.
Published Highly charged ions melt nano gold nuggets
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Shooting ions is very different from shooting a gun: By firing highly charged ions onto tiny gold structures, these structures can be modified in technologically interesting ways. Surprisingly, the key is not the force of impact, but the electric charge of the projectiles.
Published Nanophysics: The right twist
(via sciencedaily.com) Stacked layers of ultrathin semiconductor materials feature phenomena that can be exploited for novel applications. Physicists have studied effects that emerge by giving two layers a slight twist.
Published The Greenland Ice Sheet is close to a melting point of no return
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study using simulations identified two tipping points for the Greenland Ice Sheet: releasing 1000 gigatons of carbon into the atmosphere will cause the southern portion of the ice sheet to melt; about 2500 gigatons of carbon means permanent loss of nearly the entire ice sheet. Having emitted about 500 gigatons of carbon, we're about halfway to the first tipping point.
Published New type of entanglement lets scientists 'see' inside nuclei
(via sciencedaily.com) Nuclear physicists have found a new way to see inside nuclei by tracking interactions between particles of light and gluons. The method relies on harnessing a new type of quantum interference between two dissimilar particles. Tracking how these entangled particles emerge from the interactions lets scientists map out the arrangement of gluons. This approach is unusual for making use of entanglement between dissimilar particles -- something rare in quantum studies.
Published Photosynthesis: Varying roads lead to the reaction center
(via sciencedaily.com) Chemists use high-precision quantum chemistry to study key elements of super-efficient energy transfer in an important element of photosynthesis.
Published Graphene grows -- and we can see it
(via sciencedaily.com) Graphene is the strongest of all materials. On top of that, it is exceptionally good at conducting heat and electrical currents, making it one of the most special and versatile materials we know. For all these reasons, the discovery of graphene was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010. Yet, many properties of the material and its cousins are still poorly understood -- for the simple reason that the atoms they are made up of are very difficult to observe.
Published Scientists discover easy way to make atomically-thin metal layers for new technology
(via sciencedaily.com) A new breakthrough shows how to make MXenes far more quickly and easily, with fewer toxic byproducts.
Published AI finds the first stars were not alone
(via sciencedaily.com) Machine learning and state-of-the-art supernova nucleosynthesis has helped researchers find that the majority of observed second-generation stars in the universe were enriched by multiple supernovae.
Published Optical switching at record speeds opens door for ultrafast, light-based electronics and computers
(via sciencedaily.com) Imagine a home computer operating 1 million times faster than the most expensive hardware on the market. Now, imagine that being the industry standard. Physicists hope to pave the way for that reality.
Published Semiconductor lattice marries electrons and magnetic moments
(via sciencedaily.com) A model system created by stacking a pair of monolayer semiconductors is giving physicists a simpler way to study confounding quantum behavior, from heavy fermions to exotic quantum phase transitions.
Published Sea ice will soon disappear from the Arctic during the summer months -- and it has happened before
(via sciencedaily.com) In a new study, an international team of researchers warn that the Arctic Sea ice may soon be a thing of the past in the summer months. This may have consequences for both the climate and ecosystems. Ten thousand years ago, the ice melted at temperatures similar to those we have today.
Published New microchip links two Nobel Prize-winning techniques
(via sciencedaily.com) Physicists have built a new technology on a microchip by combining two Nobel Prize-winning techniques. This microchip could measure distances in materials at high precision, for example underwater or for medical imaging. Because the technology uses sound vibrations instead of light, it is useful for high-precision position measurements in opaque materials. There's no need for complex feedback loops or for tuning certain parameters to get it to operate properly. This makes it a very simple and low-power technology, that is much easier to miniaturize on a microchip. What makes it special is that it doesn't need any precision hardware and is therefore easy to produce. It only requires inserting a laser, and nothing else. The instrument could lead to new techniques to monitor the Earth's climate and human health.
Published New simulation reveals secrets of exotic form of electrons called polarons
(via sciencedaily.com) Conditions mapped for the first time of polaron characteristics in 2D materials. TACC's Frontera supercomputer generated quantum mechanical calculations on hexagonal boron nitride system of 30,000 atoms.
Published Neutrinos made by a particle collider detected
(via sciencedaily.com) Physicists have detected neutrinos created by a particle collider. The discovery promises to deepen scientists' understanding of the subatomic particles, which were first spotted in 1956 and play a key role in the process that makes stars burn.
Published Visualization of electron dynamics on liquid helium
(via sciencedaily.com) An international team has discovered how electrons can slither rapidly to-and-fro across a quantum surface when driven by external forces. The research has enabled the visualization of the motion of electrons on liquid helium.