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Categories: Paleontology: Early Mammals and Birds, Physics: Acoustics and Ultrasound
Published Owl wing design reduces aircraft, wind turbine noise pollution
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers used the characteristics of owl wings to inform airfoil design and significantly reduce trailing-edge noise. The team used noise calculation and analysis software to conduct a series of detailed theoretical studies of simplified airfoils with characteristics reminiscent of owl wings. They applied their findings to suppress the noise of rotating machinery. Improving the flow conditions around the trailing edge and optimizing the shape of the edge suppressed the noise.
Published Researchers discover fossil of new species of pangolin in Europe
(via sciencedaily.com) Deeper analysis of fossils from one of Eastern Europe's most significant paleontological sites has led to the discovery of a new species of pangolin, previously thought to have existed in Europe during the early Pleistocene but not confirmed until now.
Published The first topological acoustic transistor
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have designed and simulated the first topological acoustic transistors -- with sound waves instead of electrons -- and proposed a connection architecture to form a universal logic gate that can switch the flow of sound on and off.
Published Venoms in snakes and salivary protein in mammals share a common origin
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study has found that a class of toxins found in snake and mammalian venom evolved from the same ancestral gene.
Published New insights into the timeline of mammal evolution
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study has provided the most detailed timeline of mammal evolution to date.
Published Exquisitely preserved embryo found inside fossilized dinosaur egg
(via sciencedaily.com) A 72 to 66-million-year-old embryo found inside a fossilized dinosaur egg sheds new light on the link between the behavior of modern birds and dinosaurs, according to a new study.
Published Extinct reptile discovery reveals earliest origins of human teeth, study finds
(via sciencedaily.com) A new extinct reptile species has shed light on how our earliest ancestors became top predators by modifying their teeth in response to environmental instability around 300 million years ago.
Published Sauropod dinosaurs were restricted to warmer regions of Earth
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A study investigated the enigma of why sauropod fossils are only found at lower latitudes, while fossils of other main dinosaur types seem ubiquitously present, with many located in the polar regions.
Published New research sheds light on how ultrasound could be used to treat psychiatric disorders
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study has shown how the brain gives credit to events, along with how transcranial ultrasound (TUS) can disrupt this process. While currently developed in an animal model, this line of research and the use of TUS could one day be applied to clinical research to tackle conditions such as addiction.
Published Warm-bodied ties between mammals and birds more ancient than previously recognized
(via sciencedaily.com) The evolutionary origin of endothermy (the ability to maintain a warm body and higher energy levels than reptiles), currently believed to have originated separately in birds and mammals, could have occurred nearly 300 million years ago.
Published Gunfire or plastic bag popping? Trained computer can tell the difference
(via sciencedaily.com) Engineering researchers have developed a gunshot detection algorithm and classification model that can discern similar sounds such as gunfire or a plastic bag popping. Discerning between a dangerous audio event like a gun firing and a non-life-threatening event, such as a plastic bag bursting, can mean the difference between life and death. Additionally, it also can determine whether or not to deploy public safety workers. Humans, as well as computers, often confuse the sounds of a plastic bag popping and real gunshot sounds.
Published Dinosaur faces and feet may have popped with color
(via sciencedaily.com) A study finds that there is a 50 percent chance that the common ancestor of birds and dinosaurs had bright colors on its skin, beaks and scales, but 0 percent chance that it had bright colors on its feathers or claws.
Published Fleshing out the bones of Quetzalcoatlus, Earth's largest flier ever
(via sciencedaily.com) Though discovered more than 45 years ago, fossils of Earth's largest flying animal, Quetzalcoatlus, were never thoroughly analyzed. Now, a scientific team provides the most complete picture yet of this dinosaur relative, its environment and behavior. The pterosaur, with a 40-foot wingspan, walked with a unique gait, but otherwise filled a niche much like herons today. The researchers dispel ideas that it ate carrion and walked like a vampire bat.
Published Ancient DNA found in soil samples reveals mammoths, Yukon wild horses survived thousands of years longer than believed
(via sciencedaily.com) Mere spoonsful of soil pulled from Canada's permafrost are opening vast windows into ancient life in the Yukon, revealing rich new information and rewriting previous beliefs about the extinction dynamics, dates and survival of megafauna like mammoths, horses and other long-lost life forms.
Published CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing boosts effectiveness of ultrasound cancer therapy
(via sciencedaily.com) Sonodynamic therapy uses ultrasound in combination with drugs to release harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the site of a tumor. However, the treatment isn't very effective because cancer cells can activate antioxidant defense systems to counteract it. Now, researchers have breached these defenses with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, allowing sonodynamic therapy to effectively shrink tumors in a mouse model of liver cancer.
Published Physicists discovered special transverse sound wave
(via sciencedaily.com) A research team has discovered a new type of sound wave: the airborne sound wave vibrates transversely and carries both spin and orbital angular momentum like light does. The findings shattered scientists' previous beliefs about the sound wave, opening an avenue to the development of novel applications in acoustic communications, acoustic sensing and imaging.
Published Loss of ancient grazers triggered a global rise in fires
(via sciencedaily.com) From 50,000 years to 6,000 years ago, many of the world's largest animals, including such iconic grassland grazers as the woolly mammoth, giant bison, and ancient horses, went extinct. The loss of these grazing species triggered a dramatic increase in fire activity in the world's grasslands, according to a new study.
Published Humans hastened the extinction of the woolly mammoth
(via sciencedaily.com) New research shows that humans had a significant role in the extinction of woolly mammoths in Eurasia, occurring thousands of years later than previously thought. An international team of scientists has revealed a 20,000-year pathway to extinction for the woolly mammoth.
Published Introduced birds are not replacing roles of human-caused extinct species
(via sciencedaily.com) Human-caused bird extinctions are driving losses of functional diversity on islands worldwide, and the gaps they leave behind are not being filled by introduced (alien) species, finds a new study.
Published A personalized exosuit for real-world walking
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed a new approach in which robotic exosuit assistance can be calibrated to an individual and adapt to a variety of real-world walking tasks in a matter of seconds. The bioinspired system uses ultrasound measurements of muscle dynamics to develop a personalized and activity-specific assistance profile for users of the exosuit.