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Categories: Computer Science: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Environmental: Ecosystems
Published Less intensively managed grasslands have higher plant diversity and better soil health
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have shown -- for the first time -- that less intensively managed British grazed grasslands have on average 50% more plant species and better soil health than intensively managed grassland. The new study could help farmers increase both biodiversity and soil health, including the amount of carbon in the soil of the British countryside.
Published A simpler path to better computer vision
(via sciencedaily.com) Research finds using a large collection of simple, un-curated synthetic image generation programs to pretrain a computer vision model for image classification yields greater accuracy than employing other pretraining methods that are more costly and time consuming, and less scalable.
Published A far-sighted approach to machine learning
(via sciencedaily.com) A new technique enables artificial intelligence agents to think much farther into the future when considering how their behaviors can influence the behaviors of other AI agents, toward the completion of a task. This approach improves long-term performance of cooperative or competitive AI agents.
Published Quantum algorithms save time in the calculation of electron dynamics
(via sciencedaily.com) Quantum computers promise significantly shorter computing times for complex problems. But there are still only a few quantum computers worldwide with a limited number of so-called qubits. However, quantum computer algorithms can already run on conventional servers that simulate a quantum computer. A team has succeeded in calculating the electron orbitals and their dynamic development using an example of a small molecule after a laser pulse excitation. In principle, the method is also suitable for investigating larger molecules that cannot be calculated using conventional methods.
Published Self-organization: What robotics can learn from amoebae
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed a new model to describe how biological or technical systems form complex structures without external guidance.
Published Corals saving corals
(via sciencedaily.com) Corals resistant to disease can rescue more vulnerable corals, UC Davis found. Raising corals with diverse genotypes builds resilience amid disease and climate changes in reefs.
Published Arctic carbon conveyor belt discovered
(via sciencedaily.com) Every year, the cross-shelf transport of carbon-rich particles from the Barents and Kara Seas could bind up to 3.6 million metric tons of CO2 in the Arctic deep sea for millennia. In this region alone, a previously unknown transport route uses the biological carbon pump and ocean currents to absorb atmospheric CO2 on the scale of Iceland's total annual emissions, as researchers report.
Published Artificial neural networks learn better when they spend time not learning at all
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers discuss how mimicking sleep patterns of the human brain in artificial neural networks may help mitigate the threat of catastrophic forgetting in the latter, boosting their utility across a spectrum of research interests.
Published 'Butterfly bot' is fastest swimming soft robot yet
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Inspired by the biomechanics of the manta ray, researchers have developed an energy-efficient soft robot that can swim more than four times faster than previous swimming soft robots. The robots are called 'butterfly bots,' because their swimming motion resembles the way a person's arms move when they are swimming the butterfly stroke.
Published Crown-of-thorns seastar from Red Sea is endemic species
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have identified coral-eating crown-of-thorns seastars in the Red Sea as distinct species that occurs only in this location.
Published Deadly coral disease in Florida, Caribbean may be transported in ship hulls, study finds
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study suggests that ships may be spreading a deadly coral disease across Florida and the Caribbean. The findings could help establish testing and treatment methods to mitigate the risk of further disease spread.
Published Arctic vegetation has a major impact on warming
(via sciencedaily.com) An international team of research scientists has documented the central role of vegetation for Arctic warming. The new results allow us to make more precise climate predictions, with the researchers pointing out that current models remain flawed.
Published Exploring the possibility of extraterrestrial life living in caves
(via sciencedaily.com) For millennia, caves have served as shelters for prehistoric humans. Caves have also intrigued scholars from early Chinese naturalists to Charles Darwin. A cave ecologist has been in and out of these subterranean ecosystems, examining the unique life forms -- and unique living conditions -- that exist in Earth's many caves. But what does that suggest about caves on other planetary bodies? In two connected studies, engineers, astrophysicists, astrobiologists and astronauts lay out the research that needs to be done to get us closer to answering the old-age question about life beyond Earth.
Published Ray of hope? One place where reef manta rays are thriving
(via sciencedaily.com) Over a decade, manta ray populations increased significantly in Raja Ampat archipelago in Indonesia, highlighting the importance of long-term conservation and management measures such as well-enforced Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and fisheries regulations, says a researcher.
Published Desert dust collected from glacier ice helps document climate change
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers are using dust trapped in glacier ice in Tibet to document past changes in Earth's intricate climate system -- and maybe one day help predict future changes.
Published Researchers produce first-ever 'family tree' for aquarium-bred corals
(via sciencedaily.com) The first-ever family tree for aquarium-bred corals provides insights for maximizing genetic diversity and adaptability in corals bred for conservation.
Published Scientists say sea-level changes formed Australia's K'Gari Sand Island, Great Barrier Reef
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers report evidence the formation of K'gari and the Great Barrier Reef are linked to a change in the magnitude of sea-level rise and fall due to major climate feedback changes during the Middle Pleistocene Transition.
Published Half of replanted tropical trees don't survive
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source On average, about half of trees planted in tropical and sub-tropical forest restoration efforts do not survive more than five years, but there is enormous variation in outcomes, new research has found.
Published Study uncovers widespread and ongoing clearcutting of Swedish old forests
(via sciencedaily.com) Almost one fourth of Sweden's last unprotected old-growth forest was logged between 2003 and 2019. At this rate, all of these ecologically unique and valuable forests will be lost in about 50 years. These findings add to the growing body of evidence for widespread cryptic forest degradation across the global north.
Published Tropical cyclones act as 'massive heat pumps' that fuel extreme heat
(via sciencedaily.com) Extreme heat often follows tropical cyclones, which can complicate disaster recovery even further, researchers have found.