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Categories: Geoscience: Landslides, Mathematics: Modeling

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Geoscience: Landslides
Published

Study shows landbuilding, site of freshwater diversion      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Supporters of the large-scale Mississippi River sediment diversions currently being planned by the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority got a boost to their case recently when scientists published an analysis of two existing freshwater diversions on the state's coastline, one of which shows a significant amount of land having formed over the past 17 years.

Geoscience: Earthquakes Geoscience: Landslides
Published

Landslide risk remains years after even a weak earthquake      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Satellite observations have revealed that weak seismic ground shaking can trigger powerful landslide acceleration -- even several years after a significant earthquake.

Mathematics: Modeling
Published

Explainable AI-based physical theory for advanced materials design      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Microscopic image data is key to developing low-power, high-speed electronic devices. However, the complex interactions in nanoscale magnetic materials are difficult to understand. A research group has now realized a new functional design theory called 'extended Landau free energy model' that combines topology and AI with free energy to automate the interpretation of the microscopic image. This model illustrates the physical mechanism and critical location of magnetization reversal and proposes a device structure with low energy consumption.

Computer Science: Artificial Intelligence (AI) Mathematics: Modeling
Published

A simpler path to better computer vision      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Research finds using a large collection of simple, un-curated synthetic image generation programs to pretrain a computer vision model for image classification yields greater accuracy than employing other pretraining methods that are more costly and time consuming, and less scalable.

Mathematics: Modeling
Published

Glass-like shells of diatoms help turn light into energy in dim conditions      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new study has revealed how the glass-like shells of diatoms help these microscopic organisms perform photosynthesis in dim conditions. A better understanding of how these phytoplankton harvest and interact with light could lead to improved solar cells, sensing devices and optical components.

Geoscience: Landslides
Published

Satellites cast critical eye on coastal dead zones      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Scientists have found a new and better way to use remote sensing to understand where coastal dead zones are and predict changes.

Mathematics: Modeling
Published

Scientists promote FAIR standards for managing artificial intelligence models      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Computational scientists adopt new framework for making AI models more findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable.

Geoscience: Earthquakes Geoscience: Landslides
Published

Using 1980s environmental modeling to mitigate future disasters: Could Japan's 3/11 disaster have been prevented?      (via sciencedaily.com) 

On March 11, 2011, multiple catastrophes in Japan were triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake, including the nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. This event, also known as the 3/11 disaster, is what is known as a compound disaster. Now that over a decade has passed since this event, researchers are investigating how to prevent the next compound disaster.

Geoscience: Earthquakes Geoscience: Landslides
Published

Report outlines plans for major research effort on subduction zone geologic hazards      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Subduction zones, where one tectonic plate slides beneath another, produce the most devastating seismic, volcanic, and landslide hazards on the planet. A new report presents an ambitious plan to make major advances in understanding subduction zone hazards by bringing together a diverse community of scientists in a long-term collaborative effort, deploying new instrumentation in subduction zones, and developing more sophisticated and accurate models.

Mathematics: Modeling
Published

How network pruning can skew deep learning models      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Computer science researchers have demonstrated that a widely used technique called neural network pruning can adversely affect the performance of deep learning models, detailed what causes these performance problems, and demonstrated a technique for addressing the challenge.

Geoscience: Landslides
Published

Physics of disaster: How mudslides move      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A devastating fire followed by an intense rainstorm triggered mudslides in Southern California in 2018 that claimed 23 lives. New findings elucidate the physics behind the deadly disaster that may inform predictive models of future mudslides.

Mathematics: Modeling
Published

Machine learning, from you      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Many computer systems people interact with on a daily basis require knowledge about certain aspects of the world, or models, to work. These systems have to be trained, often needing to learn to recognize objects from video or image data. This data often contains superfluous content that reduces the accuracy of models. So researchers found a way to incorporate natural hand gestures into the teaching process. This way, users can more easily teach machines about objects, and the machines can also learn more effectively.

Mathematics: General Mathematics: Modeling Mathematics: Puzzles
Published

Mathematicians explain how some fireflies flash in sync      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new study by mathematicians shows that math borrowed from neuroscience can describe how swarms of these unique insects coordinate their light show, capturing key details about how they behave in the wild.

Mathematics: Modeling
Published

A faster experiment to find and study topological materials      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers have found an efficient way to identify 'topological' materials, whose surfaces can have different electrical or functional properties than their interiors. The approach should make it easier uncover materials that could be the basis of next-generation computer chips or quantum devices.

Mathematics: Modeling
Published

Rewards only promote cooperation if the other person also learns about them      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers show that reputation plays a key role in determining which rewarding policies people adopt. Using game theory, they explain why individuals learn to use rewards to specifically promote good behavior.

Mathematics: General Mathematics: Modeling
Published

Unveiling the dimensionality of complex networks through hyperbolic geometry      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Reducing redundant information to find simplifying patterns in data sets and complex networks is a scientific challenge in many knowledge fields. Moreover, detecting the dimensionality of the data is still a hard-to-solve problem. A new article presents a method to infer the dimensionality of complex networks through the application of hyperbolic geometrics, which capture the complexity of relational structures of the real world in many diverse domains.

Mathematics: General Mathematics: Modeling Mathematics: Statistics
Published

Mathematical modeling suggests U.S. counties are still unprepared for COVID spikes      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

America was unprepared for the magnitude of the pandemic, which overwhelmed many counties and filled some hospitals to capacity. A new study suggests there may have been a mathematical method, of sorts, to the madness of those early COVID days.

Mathematics: General Mathematics: Modeling Mathematics: Puzzles
Published

Music class in sync with higher math scores -- but only at higher-income schools      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Music and arts classes are often first on the chopping block when schools face tight budgets and pressure to achieve high scores on standardized tests. But it's precisely those classes that can increase student interest in school and even benefit their math achievement, according to a new study.

Geoscience: Earthquakes Geoscience: Landslides
Published

Seismic sensing reveals flood damage potential      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Rapidly evolving floods are a major and growing hazard worldwide. Currently, their onset and evolution is hard to identify using existing systems. However, seismic sensors already in place to detect earthquakes could be a solution to this problem. Researchers show that a seismometer can sense a flood, such as the devastating one that hit Germany in July 2021, up to 1.5 km away. This could act as an early warning to save lives and lessen damage. They also found that being able to measure the 'seismic footprint' of the flood provides information on its magnitude, velocity and trajectory in real time, which could be used for future flood protection.

Geoscience: Landslides
Published

Under pressure: Rethinking coastal land use and adaptation strategies      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers recently published a study looking at land use changes from the past and the importance of taking factors such as socio-economic development and the dynamic nature of coastal environments into consideration to make these areas more resilient to climate change.