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Categories: Mathematics: Modeling, Paleontology: Climate
Published Researchers use AI to find new magnetic materials without critical elements
(via sciencedaily.com) A team of scientists developed a new machine learning model for discovering critical-element-free permanent magnet materials based on the predicted Curie temperature of new material combinations.
Published Surpassing the human eye: Machine learning image analysis rapidly determines chemical mixture composition
(via sciencedaily.com) Machine learning model provides quick method for determining the composition of solid chemical mixtures using only photographs of the sample.
Published Scientists zero in on timing, causes of ice age mammal extinctions in southern California
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Radiocarbon dating on bones in the La Brea Tar Pits lead archaeologists to warn that history may be repeating itself.
Published AI models are powerful, but are they biologically plausible?
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers hypothesize that a powerful type of AI model known as a transformer could be implemented in the brain through networks of neuron and astrocyte cells. The work could offer insights into how the brain works and help scientists understand why transformers are so effective at machine-learning tasks.
Published Researchers use mathematical modeling and dynamic biomarkers to characterize metastatic disease during adaptive therapy
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers demonstrate how mathematical modeling combined with dynamic biomarkers can be used to characterize metastatic disease and identify appropriate therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes.
Published Key role of ice age cycles in early human interbreeding
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Recent paleogenomic research revealed that interbreeding was common among early human species. However, little was known about when, where, and how often this hominin interbreeding took place. Using paleoanthropological evidence, genetic data, and supercomputer simulations of past climate, a team of international researchers has found that interglacial climates and corresponding shifts in vegetation created common habitats for Neanderthals and Denisovans, increasing their chances for interbreeding and gene flow in parts of Europe and central Asia.
Published Distribution of genetic information during bacterial cell division
(via sciencedaily.com) A mathematical model provides new insights into the distribution of genetic information during bacterial cell division
Published Elephant ancestors´ teeth evolved in response to long term changes in diet and climate in Africa
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new study shows that the cheek teeth of proboscideans (elephants and their ancient relatives) evolved in response to dietary changes due to vegetation changes and climate change in East Africa during the last 26 million years.
Published Artificial intelligence designs advanced materials
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists pioneer a new machine learning model for corrosion-resistant alloy design.
Published Tool finds bias in state-of-the-art generative AI model
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers introduce a new tool to measure bias in text-to-image AI generation models, which they have used to quantify bias in the state-of-the-art model Stable Diffusion.
Published A climate-orchestrated early human love story
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new study finds that past changes in atmospheric CO2 and corresponding shifts in climate and vegetation played a key role in determining when and where early human species interbred.
Published How a massive North Atlantic cooling event disrupted early human occupation in Europe
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new study finds that around 1.12 million years ago a massive cooling event in the North Atlantic and corresponding shifts in climate, vegetation and food resources disrupted early human occupation of Europe.
Published Turning ChatGPT into a 'chemistry assistant'
(via sciencedaily.com) Developing new materials requires significant time and labor, but some chemists are now hopeful that artificial intelligence (AI) could one day shoulder much of this burden. In a new study, a team prompted a popular AI model, ChatGPT, to perform one particularly time-consuming task: searching scientific literature. With that data, they built a second tool, a model to predict experimental results.
Published Drops of seawater contain traces of an ancient world
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source New research links chemical changes in seawater to volcanic activity and changes.
Published Then vs. now: Did the Horn of Africa reach a drought tipping point 11,700 years ago?
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source If climate models predict that much of tropical Africa will become wetter with a warming climate, then why does it keep getting drier in the Horn of Africa?
Published New model reduces bias and enhances trust in AI decision-making and knowledge organization
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed a new explainable artificial intelligence (AI) model to reduce bias and enhance trust and accuracy in machine learning-generated decision-making and knowledge organization.
Published Self-supervised AI learns physics to reconstruct microscopic images from holograms
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have unveiled an artificial intelligence-based model for computational imaging and microscopy without training with experimental objects or real data. The team introduced a self-supervised AI model nicknamed GedankenNet that learns from physics laws and thought experiments. Informed only by the laws of physics that universally govern the propagation of electromagnetic waves in space, the researchers taught their AI model to reconstruct microscopic images using only random artificial holograms -- synthesized solely from 'imagination' without relying on any real-world experiments, actual sample resemblances or real data.
Published How good is that AI-penned radiology report?
(via sciencedaily.com) New study identifies concerning gaps between how human radiologists score the accuracy of AI-generated radiology reports and how automated systems score them. Researchers designed two novel scoring systems that outperform current automated systems that evaluate the accuracy of AI narrative reports. Reliable scoring systems that accurately gauge the performance of AI models are critical for ensuring that AI continues to improve and that clinicians can trust them.
Published Invasion of the Arctic Ocean by Atlantic plankton species reveals a seasonally ice-free ocean during the last interglacial
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A subpolar species associated with Atlantic water expanded far into the Arctic Ocean during the Last Interglacial, analysis of microfossil content of sediment cores reveals. This implies that summers in the Arctic were ice free during this period.
Published Deep learning for new protein design
(via sciencedaily.com) Deep learning methods have been used to augment existing energy-based physical models in 'do novo' or from-scratch computational protein design, resulting in a 10-fold increase in success rates verified in the lab for binding a designed protein with its target protein. The results will help scientists design better drugs against diseases like cancer and COVID-19.