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Categories: Engineering: Graphene, Mathematics: General
Published Number-crunching mathematical models may give policy makers major headache
(via sciencedaily.com) Policy makers assume that adding more detail to mathematical models will produce more accurate predictions, but that's not always the case, a new study shows.
Published Predicting risk of aneurysm rupture
(via sciencedaily.com) Predicting the rupture of aneurysms is crucial for medical prevention and treatment. As aspect ratio and size ratio increase and an aneurysm expands, the stress applied against the aneurysm walls and the time blood spends within it increase. This leads the probability of rupture to rise. Researchers develop a patient-specific mathematical model to examine what aneurysm parameters influence rupture risk prior to surgery. Computed tomography scans are fed into the model, which reconstructs the geometry and blood flow of the aneurysm. It then uses equations to describe the fluid flow, generating information about the blood vessel walls and blood flow patterns.
Published Study shows how math, science identity in students affects college, career outcomes
(via sciencedaily.com) Two researchers have published a study that asked students if they see themselves as a math or science person, then followed up with them several times in following years. Results showed those who said yes in ninth grade were much likelier to major in STEM subjects and work in related fields after college. The results show the importance of helping students have positive math and science experiences early and could be a way to help address equity gaps in STEM.
Published As few as 1 in 5 COVID cases may have been counted worldwide, mathematical models suggest
(via sciencedaily.com) Mathematical models indicate that as few as one in five cases of COVID-19 which occurred during the first 29 months of the pandemic are accounted for in the half billion cases officially reported.
Published Upgrading your computer to quantum
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have demonstrated how a nanoscale layer of superconducting niobium nitride (NbNx) can be grown directly onto aluminum nitride (AIN). The arrangement of atoms, nitrogen content, and electrical conductivity were found to depend on growth conditions, particularly temperature, and the spacing of atoms in the two materials was sufficiently compatible to produce flat layers. The structural similarity between NbNx and AIN will facilitate the integration of superconductors into semiconductor optoelectronic devices.
Published Mathematics enable scientists to understand organization within a cell's nucleus
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed a new mathematical technique to begin to understand how a cell's nucleus is organized. They hope this understanding will expose vulnerabilities that can be targeted to reprogram a cell to stop cancer or other diseases.
Published Novel carrier doping in p-type semiconductors enhances photovoltaic device performance by increasing hole concentration
(via sciencedaily.com) The carrier concentration and conductivity in p-type monovalent copper semiconductors can be significantly enhanced by adding alkali metal impurities. Doping with isovalent and larger-sized alkali metal ions effectively increased the free charge carrier concentration, and the mechanism was unraveled by their theoretical calculations. Their carrier doping technology enables high carrier concentration and high mobility p-type thin films to be prepared from the solution process, with photovoltaic device applications.
Published Making mini-magnets
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers demonstrated a topological insulator device that opens the way towards observing the quantum anomalous Hall effect. Because the currents generated are resistant to scattering, but very sensitive to applied magnetic fields, they may be used for reducing power consumption in computing applications.
Published What is the best way to group students? Math model
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed a new approach that uses math to determine the best ways to group individuals to maximize learning. Their work has broad implications in education, as well as in economics, music, medicine, and sports.
Published The way you talk to your child about math matters
(via sciencedaily.com) 'You're so smart!' -- This encouraging response may actually do more harm than good to children's math performance, according to a new study. The study found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal traits or innate abilities may dampen their math motivation and achievement over time.
Published Pioneering mathematical formula paves way for exciting advances in health, energy, and food industry
(via sciencedaily.com) A groundbreaking mathematical equation has been discovered, which could transform medical procedures, natural gas extraction, and plastic packaging production in the future.
Published Researchers devise tunable conducting edge
(via sciencedaily.com) Physicists have demonstrated a new magnetized state in a monolayer of tungsten ditelluride. This material of one-atom thickness has an insulating interior but a conducting edge, which has important implications for controlling electron flow in nanodevices.
Published Push, pull or swirl: The many movements of cilia
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers know about many of cilia's roles, but not exactly how they beat in the first place. A new mathematical model aims to uncover the secret to cilia's beating motions.
Published Researchers use computer modeling to understand how self-renewal processes impact skin cell evolution
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists have used mathematical and computer modeling to demonstrate the impact of skin homeostasis on driver and passenger mutations.
Published Mixing things up: Optimizing fluid mixing with machine learning
(via sciencedaily.com) Fluid mixing is an important part of several industrial processes and chemical reactions. However, the process often relies on trial-and-error-based experiments instead of mathematical optimization. While turbulent mixing is effective, it cannot always be sustained and can damage the materials involved. To address this issue, researchers have now proposed an optimization approach to fluid mixing for laminar flows using machine learning, which can be extended to turbulent mixing as well.
Published The electron slow motion: Ion physics on the femtosecond scale
(via sciencedaily.com) How do different materials react to the impact of ions? This is a question that plays an important role in many areas of research -- for example in nuclear fusion research, when the walls of the fusion reactor are bombarded by high-energy ions. However, it is difficult to understand the temporal sequence of such processes. A research group has now succeeded in analyzing on a time scale of one femtosecond what happens to the individual particles involved when an ion penetrates materials such as graphene or molybdenum disulphide.
Published Microscopic color converters move small laser-based devices closer to reality
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have used an atomically thin material to build a device that can change the color of laser beams. Their microscopic device -- a fraction of the size of conventional color converters -- may yield new kinds of ultra-small optical circuit chips and advance quantum optics.
Published Superconducting diode without magnetic field in multilayer graphene
(via sciencedaily.com) Superconductors are the key to lossless current flow. However, the realization of superconducting diodes has only recently become an important topic of fundamental research. An international research team has now succeeded in reaching a milestone: the demonstration of an extremely strong superconducting diode effect in a single two-dimensional superconductor.
Published Unexpected quantum effects in natural double-layer graphene
(via sciencedaily.com) An international research team has detected novel quantum effects in high-precision studies of natural double-layer graphene. This research provides new insights into the interaction of the charge carriers and the different phases, and contributes to the understanding of the processes involved.
Published Safe havens for cooperation
(via sciencedaily.com) Whether networks with a high level of cooperation emerge in a community depends on how quickly individuals leave -- for example, because they are exploited by others. Researchers investigated this problem by modeling a well-known cooperation game. They consider a spatial network, where players can relocate between different patches if they judge the local conditions to be unfavorable.