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Categories: Mathematics: General, Physics: Acoustics and Ultrasound
Published Skin-attachable auditory sensor that functions even in noisy environments
(via sciencedaily.com) A research team has developed a skin-attachable auditory sensor, which recognizes human voices in noisy environments and when users wear facemasks. The new sensor will be useful in microphones that facilitate communication in disaster situations and for healthcare devices that diagnose respiratory diseases.
Published Would traffic noise from future flying cars cause stress?
(via sciencedaily.com) Study shows that not only are loud vehicles flying overhead a cause of noise pollution-related stress, the effect of that stress remains on the body even after noise levels have decreased.
Published Predicting risk of aneurysm rupture
(via sciencedaily.com) Predicting the rupture of aneurysms is crucial for medical prevention and treatment. As aspect ratio and size ratio increase and an aneurysm expands, the stress applied against the aneurysm walls and the time blood spends within it increase. This leads the probability of rupture to rise. Researchers develop a patient-specific mathematical model to examine what aneurysm parameters influence rupture risk prior to surgery. Computed tomography scans are fed into the model, which reconstructs the geometry and blood flow of the aneurysm. It then uses equations to describe the fluid flow, generating information about the blood vessel walls and blood flow patterns.
Published The Secret of Swing: Downbeat delays
(via sciencedaily.com) Jazz must swing -- jazz musicians agree on that. However, even 100 years after the beginnings of jazz, it is still unclear what exactly constitutes the swing feel. With a sophisticated experiment and data analyses on more than 450 well-known jazz solos, physicists together with psychologists have unraveled a secret of swing. They were able to demonstrate that certain systematic deviations in timing are a key component of swing. These microtiming deviations are so small that they are not perceived as such even by professional jazz musicians, who nonetheless are using them unconsciously.
Published Study shows how math, science identity in students affects college, career outcomes
(via sciencedaily.com) Two researchers have published a study that asked students if they see themselves as a math or science person, then followed up with them several times in following years. Results showed those who said yes in ninth grade were much likelier to major in STEM subjects and work in related fields after college. The results show the importance of helping students have positive math and science experiences early and could be a way to help address equity gaps in STEM.
Published As few as 1 in 5 COVID cases may have been counted worldwide, mathematical models suggest
(via sciencedaily.com) Mathematical models indicate that as few as one in five cases of COVID-19 which occurred during the first 29 months of the pandemic are accounted for in the half billion cases officially reported.
Published Wind music causes less transmission than singing, study finds
(via sciencedaily.com) The risk of transmission from an infected person on a wind instrument is generally much lower than for people who sing or speak, provided that one spends the same amount of time in their vicinity, according to a new study.
Published The super-fast MRI scan that could revolutionize heart failure diagnosis
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed cutting-edge technology to diagnose patients with heart failure in record time. The state-of-the-art technology uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to create detailed 4D flow images of the heart. But unlike a standard MRI scan, which can take up to 20 minutes or more, the new 4D heart MRI scan takes just eight minutes.
Published Mathematics enable scientists to understand organization within a cell's nucleus
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed a new mathematical technique to begin to understand how a cell's nucleus is organized. They hope this understanding will expose vulnerabilities that can be targeted to reprogram a cell to stop cancer or other diseases.
Published What is the best way to group students? Math model
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed a new approach that uses math to determine the best ways to group individuals to maximize learning. Their work has broad implications in education, as well as in economics, music, medicine, and sports.
Published The way you talk to your child about math matters
(via sciencedaily.com) 'You're so smart!' -- This encouraging response may actually do more harm than good to children's math performance, according to a new study. The study found that encouraging children with responses related to their personal traits or innate abilities may dampen their math motivation and achievement over time.
Published Pioneering mathematical formula paves way for exciting advances in health, energy, and food industry
(via sciencedaily.com) A groundbreaking mathematical equation has been discovered, which could transform medical procedures, natural gas extraction, and plastic packaging production in the future.
Published Push, pull or swirl: The many movements of cilia
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers know about many of cilia's roles, but not exactly how they beat in the first place. A new mathematical model aims to uncover the secret to cilia's beating motions.
Published Researchers use computer modeling to understand how self-renewal processes impact skin cell evolution
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists have used mathematical and computer modeling to demonstrate the impact of skin homeostasis on driver and passenger mutations.
Published Low-cost disease diagnosis by mapping heart sounds
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers develop a method to identify aortic valve dysfunction using complex network analysis that is accurate, simple to use, and low-cost. They used heart sound data to create a complex network of connected points, which was split into sections, and each part was represented with a node. If the sound in two portions was similar, a line was drawn between them. In a healthy heart, the graph showed two distinct clusters of points, with many nodes unconnected. A heart with aortic stenosis contained many more correlations and edges.
Published Mixing things up: Optimizing fluid mixing with machine learning
(via sciencedaily.com) Fluid mixing is an important part of several industrial processes and chemical reactions. However, the process often relies on trial-and-error-based experiments instead of mathematical optimization. While turbulent mixing is effective, it cannot always be sustained and can damage the materials involved. To address this issue, researchers have now proposed an optimization approach to fluid mixing for laminar flows using machine learning, which can be extended to turbulent mixing as well.
Published Saturn V was loud but didn't melt concrete
(via sciencedaily.com) Abundant internet claims about the acoustic power of the Saturn V suggest that it melted concrete and lit grass on fire over a mile away, but such ideas are undeniably false. Researchers used a physics-based model to estimate the rocket's acoustic levels and obtained a value of 203 decibels, which matched the limited data from the 1960s. So, while the Saturn V was extremely loud, that kind of power is nowhere near enough to melt concrete or start grass fires.
Published Do wind instruments disperse COVID aerosol droplets?
(via sciencedaily.com) Orchestral ensembles have faced many challenges when starting to perform again during the COVID pandemic, and contamination is a chief concern: specifically, whether wind instruments are vectors of contamination through aerosol dispersion. Researchers worked with musicians to deepen our understanding of how much aerosol is produced and dispersed by wind instruments. They used visualization to characterize the flow, tracked fog particles in the air, and measured aerosol concentration from wind instruments with a particle counter. Then they combined these to develop an equation to describe aerosol dispersion.
Published Using sound and bubbles to make bandages stickier and longer lasting
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have discovered that they can control the stickiness of adhesive bandages using ultrasound waves and bubbles. This breakthrough could lead to new advances in medical adhesives, especially in cases where adhesives are difficult to apply such as on wet skin.
Published Safe havens for cooperation
(via sciencedaily.com) Whether networks with a high level of cooperation emerge in a community depends on how quickly individuals leave -- for example, because they are exploited by others. Researchers investigated this problem by modeling a well-known cooperation game. They consider a spatial network, where players can relocate between different patches if they judge the local conditions to be unfavorable.