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Categories: Mathematics: General, Physics: Acoustics and Ultrasound
Published Sizzling sound of deep-frying reveals complex physics
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers carefully studied bubbles that form when water droplets come into contact with heated cooking oil and found that the type and number of bubbles formed depends on the amount of water absorbed by the chopsticks as well as the chopstick material. The water droplet explodes when it hit the hot oil, in three types of bubble events: an explosion cavity, an elongated cavity, and an oscillating cavity.
Published Study explores the promises and pitfalls of evolutionary genomics
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study examines mathematical models designed to draw inferences about how evolution operates at the level of populations of organisms. The study concludes that such models must be constructed with the greatest care, avoiding unwarranted initial assumptions, weighing the quality of existing knowledge and remaining open to alternate explanations.
Published Direct sound printing is a potential game-changer in 3D printing
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers describe a new platform technology called direct sound printing (DSP), which uses soundwaves to produce new objects. The paper explains show how focused ultrasound waves can be used to create sonochemical reactions in minuscule cavitation regions. Extremes of temperature and pressure lasting trillionths of a second can generate pre-designed complex geometries that cannot be made with existing techniques.
Published Ultrasound-guided microbubbles boost immunotherapy efficacy
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed an ultrasound-guided cancer immunotherapy platform that generates systemic antitumor immunity and improves the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade.
Published Agriculture tech use opens possibility of digital havoc
(via sciencedaily.com) Wide-ranging use of smart technologies is raising global agricultural production but international researchers warn this digital-age phenomenon could reap a crop of another kind -- cybersecurity attacks. Complex IT and math modelling has highlighted the risks.
Published AI reveals unsuspected math underlying search for exoplanets
(via sciencedaily.com) The astronomers' goal: find an artificial intelligence algorithm to interpret microlensing events captured by the upcoming Roman Space Telescope and speed detection of exoplanets around other stars. They achieved that, but the AI told them something unexpected and deep: the theory used to infer stellar and exoplanetary masses and orbits from observations was incomplete. Digging into the mathematics, they uncovered a theory that explains all types of microlensing events and possible ambiguities in interpreting them.
Published The numbers don't lie: Australia is failing at maths and we need to find a new formula to arrest the decline
(via sciencedaily.com) Australia has suffered a significant drop in teenage maths proficiency in the past 20 years -- sliding from 11th in the OECD rankings to 29th place out of 38 countries, prompting widespread debate over potential curriculum changes. One researcher says hand gestures could stop the slide.
Published Going gentle on mechanical quantum systems
(via sciencedaily.com) Systems in which mechanical motion is controlled at the level of individual quanta are emerging as a promising quantum-?technology platform. New experimental work now establishes how quantum properties of such systems can be measured without destroying the quantum state -- a key ingredient for tapping the full potential of mechanical quantum systems.
Published How cells correct errors under time pressure
(via sciencedaily.com) How does a cell balance risk and speed when dividing? Scientists have developed and experimentally tested the first mathematical theory that describes the cell's best strategy for dividing safely and efficiently.
Published Development of an ensemble model to anticipate short-term COVID-19 hospital demand
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists identified the most relevant predictive variables for anticipating hospital demand and proposed using an ensemble model based on the average of the predictions of several individual models.
Published How MRI could revolutionize heart failure diagnosis
(via sciencedaily.com) Until now, the best way of diagnosing heart failure has been an invasive assessment, but it carries risks for patients. Non-invasive echocardiogram, which is based on ultrasound, are usually used instead, but they are wrong in up to 50 per cent of cases. The new study shows how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior to echocardiography for diagnosing heart failure, as well as being a powerful tool to predict patient outcomes, including death.
Published Better residents' health after switch to electric buses
(via sciencedaily.com) The health of residents living alongside a bus route in Gothenburg, Sweden, became considerably better when hybrid buses were replaced by buses fully powered by electricity. Along with the noise levels there was a reduction of fatigue, day time sleepiness and low mood, a new study shows.
Published 3D bimodal photoacoustic ultrasound imaging to diagnose peripheral vascular diseases
(via sciencedaily.com) A research team has developed a bimodal photoacoustic/ ultrasound imaging technology for the human foot.
Published Researchers develop a paper-thin loudspeaker
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers created an ultrathin loudspeaker that can turn any rigid surface into a high-quality, active audio source. The fabrication process can enable the thin-film devices to be produced at scale.
Published An easier way to teach robots new skills
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed a technique that enables a robot to learn a new pick-and-place task with only a handful of human demonstrations. This could allow a human to reprogram a robot to grasp never-before-seen objects, presented in random poses, in about 15 minutes.
Published The physics of a singing saw
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have used the singing saw to demonstrate how the geometry of a curved sheet, like curved metal, could be tuned to create high-quality, long-lasting oscillations for applications in sensing, nanoelectronics, photonics and more.
Published Tumors partially destroyed with sound don't come back
(via sciencedaily.com) Noninvasive sound technology breaks down liver tumors in rats, kills cancer cells and spurs the immune system to prevent further spread -- an advance that could lead to improved cancer outcomes in humans.
Published Study shows simple, computationally-light model can simulate complex brain cell responses
(via sciencedaily.com) Studying how brain cells respond to signals from their neighbors can aid the understanding of cognition and development. However, experimentally measuring the brain's activity is complicated. Neuron models provide a non-invasive way to investigate the brain, but most existing models are either computationally intensive or cannot model complex neuronal responses. Recently, a team has used a computationally simple neuron model to simulate some of the complex responses of neurons.
Published Tear-free hair brushing? All you need is math
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists explore the mathematics of combing and explain why the brushing technique used by so many is the most effective method to detangle a bundle of fibers.
Published Ultrasound gave us our first baby pictures can it also help the blind see?
(via sciencedaily.com) While there are no successful non-invasive therapeutics currently available for the treatment of vision loss, researchers at have come up with a new idea to address this growing problem. Currently, ophthalmologists use electronic technology to directly stimulate retinal neurons by implanting electrode devices inside the eye, a technique that requires expensive and invasive surgery. A research team is now exploring a non-surgical solution that could restore sight by using another of the five senses: Sound.