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Categories: Environmental: Ecosystems, Mathematics: General
Published Getting to the bottom of the Arctic sea ice decline
(via sciencedaily.com) Sea ice levels in the Arctic Ocean are rapidly declining, due to global warming. Now, to understand and forecast the growth and decay of the ice, researchers have conducted a survey in the Arctic Ocean to investigate the influence of ocean heat on sea ice in the ice-ocean boundary layer. Their findings provide insights into the mechanisms of Arctic sea ice decline for making accurate predictions in the future regarding the global climate.
Published Mixing things up: Optimizing fluid mixing with machine learning
(via sciencedaily.com) Fluid mixing is an important part of several industrial processes and chemical reactions. However, the process often relies on trial-and-error-based experiments instead of mathematical optimization. While turbulent mixing is effective, it cannot always be sustained and can damage the materials involved. To address this issue, researchers have now proposed an optimization approach to fluid mixing for laminar flows using machine learning, which can be extended to turbulent mixing as well.
Published Which animals can best withstand climate change?
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study investigates how different mammals react to climate change. Animals that live for a long time and/or produce less offspring -- like bears and bison -- are more resilient than small animals with a short life -- like mice and lemmings.
Published As oceans warm, snapping shrimp sound a warning
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists have confirmed their previous observations that rising temperatures increase the sound of snapping shrimp, a tiny crustacean found in temperate and tropical coastal marine environments around the world.
Published Snow research fills gap in understanding Arctic climate
(via sciencedaily.com) Comprehensive data from several seasons of field research in the Alaskan Arctic will address uncertainties in Earth-system and climate-change models about snow cover across the region and its impacts on water and the environment.
Published Fish 'chock-full' of antifreeze protein found in iceberg habitats off Greenland
(via sciencedaily.com) New research based on an expedition to the icy waters off Greenland reveals soaring levels of antifreeze proteins in a species of tiny snailfish, underlying the importance of this unique adaptation to life in sub-zero temperatures. The study also warns that warming oceanic temperatures in the Arctic could pose a threat to these highly specialized fishes.
Published Thawing Arctic hillsides are major climate change contributors
(via sciencedaily.com) Thawing Arctic hillsides release a significant amount of organic carbon that has been locked in frozen ground for thousands of years but which now can contribute to an already warming climate, according to new research. The finding comes from the study of hillsides in a far north region of Russia, where the researchers also found a significant and rapid increase of collapsed hillsides. The collapses feature landslides that gradually expose more of the permafrost for thawing -- and more carbon for release.
Published Safe havens for cooperation
(via sciencedaily.com) Whether networks with a high level of cooperation emerge in a community depends on how quickly individuals leave -- for example, because they are exploited by others. Researchers investigated this problem by modeling a well-known cooperation game. They consider a spatial network, where players can relocate between different patches if they judge the local conditions to be unfavorable.
Published Ultracold atoms dressed by light simulate gauge theories
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have used the coldest systems in the universe to realize in the laboratory gauge theories, key models of modern physics that describe the fundamental forces of Nature and the behavior of complex quantum materials.
Published Oft-overlooked grasslands build biodiversity, resilience over centuries
(via sciencedaily.com) The restoration of grassland ecosystems may need more of a guided, hands-on approach over time, according to a new review of global conservation efforts.
Published Tracking nitrogen pollution
(via sciencedaily.com) Tropical coastal ecosystems are among the most biodiverse areas on Earth. And they're also on the front lines of effects caused by human activity. That's why it's becoming increasingly important, especially as human populations increase, to manage the impacts of runoff and wastewater that flow into the sea.
Published Researchers discover major roadblock in alleviating network congestion
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers discovered that congestion control algorithms designed to ensure multiple users sending data over a network do so fairly are actually unable to avoid situations where some users are hogging all the bandwidth.
Published Highest coral cover in central, northern Reef in 36 years
(via sciencedaily.com) The northern and central Great Barrier Reef have recorded their highest amount of coral cover since the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) began monitoring 36 years ago. However, average coral cover in the southern region decreased due to ongoing crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks. While the Reef experienced its fourth major bleaching event in the past seven years this year, it didn't reach the intensity of earlier events and was not expected to lead to mass coral mortality.
Published Where coral reefs may be buffered against warming oceans
(via sciencedaily.com) As warming ocean temperatures threaten the existence of coral reefs, scientists have successfully used an extremely high-resolution computer simulation of ocean circulation to identify possible 'thermal refugia' where these biodiverse ecosystems are more likely to survive.
Published Computer modelling aims to inform restoration, conservation of coral reefs
(via sciencedaily.com) A research team has created a computer modelling program to help scientists predict the effect of climate damage and eventual restoration plans on coral reefs around the globe. This is a critical objective because climate change is killing many coral species and can lead to the collapse of entire coral reef ecosystems, according to researchers.
Published Burro-ing into the past
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study reveals that introduced donkeys and indigenous pumas are helping to resurrect extinct food webs in Death Valley.
Published Smoke from Western wildfires can influence Arctic sea ice
(via sciencedaily.com) Sea ice and wildfires may be more interconnected than previously thought, according to new research.
Published For dairy farmers, where does the time go?
(via sciencedaily.com) Globally, dairy producers face increasing challenges regarding sustainability, including declining numbers of workers in the agricultural sector, while continuing to meet increasing demand for nutritious and affordable food. Dairy systems must now focus on more sustainable production that reflects economic, environmental, and social goals. A new report explores labor time-use on Irish pasture-based dairy farms in the busy spring and summer seasons.
Published Going against the flow: Scientists reveal garden eels' unique way of feeding
(via sciencedaily.com) A new lab study on garden eels shows how these shy creatures use their burrows, and change their movement and posture, when feeding in strong currents.
Published Desert climate overtaking more of Central Asia
(via sciencedaily.com) Rising annual temperatures and dwindling yearly precipitation across the mid-latitudes of Central Asia have extended its desert climate 60 miles northward since the 1980s, says a recent study.