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Categories: Mathematics: Statistics, Physics: Acoustics and Ultrasound
Published New computer vision system designed to analyse cells in microscopy videos
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed a system based on computer vision techniques that allows automatic analysis of biomedical videos captured by microscopy in order to characterize and describe the behavior of the cells that appear in the images.
Published Where mathematics and a social perspective meet data
(via sciencedaily.com) Community structure, including relationships between and within groups, is foundational to our understanding of the world around us.
Published Capturing hidden data for asymptomatic COVID-19 cases provides a better pandemic picture
(via sciencedaily.com) Asymptomatic COVID-19 cases are the bane of computer modelers' existences -- they throw off the modeling data to an unknown degree. A new approach explores using historic epidemic data from eight different countries to estimate the transmission rate and fraction of under-reported cases.
Published Balancing sustainability, safety and comfort in engineered floor slabs
(via sciencedaily.com) Using less material in floors is a viable strategy for improving sustainability in buildings, as it can reduce the structure's environmental footprint. Prioritizing only this goal, however, can lead to unwanted effects -- such as an echo in a room or noise traveling between floors, according to architectural engineers.
Published A new amplifying technique for weak and noisy signals
(via sciencedaily.com) Scientists have demonstrated a technique for the recovery of weak, noise-dominated optical signals.
Published New computational tool predicts cell fates and genetic perturbations
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have built a machine learning framework that can define the mathematical equations describing a cell's trajectory from one state to another, such as its development from a stem cell into one of several different types of mature cell. The framework, called dynamo, can also be used to figure out the underlying mechanisms -- the specific cocktail of gene activity -- driving changes in the cell.
Published Ultrasound technique predicts hip dysplasia in infants
(via sciencedaily.com) A technique that uses ultrasound images to determine the depth and shape of the hip socket can accurately predict which infants with hip dysplasia will develop normal hip structure and which remain dysplastic, according to a new study. Researchers said statistical shape modeling improves on existing techniques and could spare many infants from unnecessary treatment.
Published When graphene speaks, scientists can now listen
(via sciencedaily.com) Brothers working in a lab discover that sound can be used to analyze the properties of laser-induced graphene in real time.
Published Owl wing design reduces aircraft, wind turbine noise pollution
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers used the characteristics of owl wings to inform airfoil design and significantly reduce trailing-edge noise. The team used noise calculation and analysis software to conduct a series of detailed theoretical studies of simplified airfoils with characteristics reminiscent of owl wings. They applied their findings to suppress the noise of rotating machinery. Improving the flow conditions around the trailing edge and optimizing the shape of the edge suppressed the noise.
Published Enhanced statistical models will aid conservation of killer whales and other species
(via sciencedaily.com) Retrieving an accurate picture of what a tagged animal does as it journeys through its environment requires statistical analysis, especially when it comes to animal movement, and the methods statisticians use are always evolving to make full use of the large and complex data sets that are available. A recent study by researchers at the Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries (IOF) and the UBC department of statistics has taken us a step closer to understanding the behaviours of northern resident killer whales by improving statistical tools useful for identifying animal behaviours that can't be observed directly.
Published The first topological acoustic transistor
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have designed and simulated the first topological acoustic transistors -- with sound waves instead of electrons -- and proposed a connection architecture to form a universal logic gate that can switch the flow of sound on and off.
Published New research sheds light on how ultrasound could be used to treat psychiatric disorders
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study has shown how the brain gives credit to events, along with how transcranial ultrasound (TUS) can disrupt this process. While currently developed in an animal model, this line of research and the use of TUS could one day be applied to clinical research to tackle conditions such as addiction.
Published Gunfire or plastic bag popping? Trained computer can tell the difference
(via sciencedaily.com) Engineering researchers have developed a gunshot detection algorithm and classification model that can discern similar sounds such as gunfire or a plastic bag popping. Discerning between a dangerous audio event like a gun firing and a non-life-threatening event, such as a plastic bag bursting, can mean the difference between life and death. Additionally, it also can determine whether or not to deploy public safety workers. Humans, as well as computers, often confuse the sounds of a plastic bag popping and real gunshot sounds.
Published CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing boosts effectiveness of ultrasound cancer therapy
(via sciencedaily.com) Sonodynamic therapy uses ultrasound in combination with drugs to release harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the site of a tumor. However, the treatment isn't very effective because cancer cells can activate antioxidant defense systems to counteract it. Now, researchers have breached these defenses with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, allowing sonodynamic therapy to effectively shrink tumors in a mouse model of liver cancer.
Published Physicists discovered special transverse sound wave
(via sciencedaily.com) A research team has discovered a new type of sound wave: the airborne sound wave vibrates transversely and carries both spin and orbital angular momentum like light does. The findings shattered scientists' previous beliefs about the sound wave, opening an avenue to the development of novel applications in acoustic communications, acoustic sensing and imaging.
Published How statistics can aid in the fight against misinformation
(via sciencedaily.com) Mathematicians created a statistical model that can be used to detect misinformation in social posts.
Published Grouping of immune cell receptors could help decode patients' personal history of infection
(via sciencedaily.com) Novel software for grouping immunological T-cell receptors may enable the identification of shared patterns that could be used to determine if a person has previously been infected or vaccinated against a given pathogen.
Published A personalized exosuit for real-world walking
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed a new approach in which robotic exosuit assistance can be calibrated to an individual and adapt to a variety of real-world walking tasks in a matter of seconds. The bioinspired system uses ultrasound measurements of muscle dynamics to develop a personalized and activity-specific assistance profile for users of the exosuit.
Published Adding sound to quantum simulations
(via sciencedaily.com) Aiming to emulate the quantum characteristics of materials more realistically, researchers have figured out a way to create a lattice of light and atoms that can vibrate -- bringing sound to an otherwise silent experiment.
Published Noninvasive imaging strategy detects dangerous blood clots in the body
(via sciencedaily.com) Investigators have developed and tested a targeted contrast agent that can detect blood clots in the hearts of patients with atrial fibrillation, or an irregular heartbeat. The strategy could be used to find clots in other parts of the body as well, such as in vessels that, when blocked, can lead to stroke.