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Categories: Ecology: General, Mathematics: Statistics

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Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: General Ecology: Research
Published

Current Antarctic conservation efforts are insufficient to avoid biodiversity declines, study shows      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Existing conservation efforts are insufficient to protect Antarctic ecosystems, and population declines are likely for 65% of the continent's plants and wildlife by the year 2100, according to a new study.

Ecology: General Environmental: Ecosystems Environmental: Wildfires
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Bird diversity increased in severely burned forests of Southern Appalachian mountains      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new study found bird diversity increased in North Carolina mountain forest areas severely burned by wildfire in 2016, reinforcing that while wildfire can pose risks to safety and property, it can be beneficial to wildlife. The study results could help forest managers better predict bird responses to wildfire, and manage forests to benefit birds.

Ecology: General Ecology: Research Environmental: Ecosystems
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Palau's Rock Islands harbor heat-resistant corals      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Ocean warming is driving an increase in the frequency and severity of marine heatwaves, causing untold damage to coral reefs. Tropical corals, which live in symbiosis with tiny single celled algae, are sensitive to high temperatures, and exhibit a stress response called bleaching when the ocean gets too hot. In the last 4 decades, marine heatwaves have caused widespread bleaching, and killed millions of corals. Because of this, a global search is underway for reefs that can withstand the heat stress, survive future warming, and act as sources of heat-tolerant coral larvae to replenish affected areas both naturally and through restoration.

Ecology: General
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Ecology: More than the sum of its parts      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

The number of simultaneously acting global change factors has a negative impact on the diversity of plant communities -- regardless of the nature of the factors.

Mathematics: Modeling Mathematics: Statistics
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AI model proactively predicts if a COVID-19 test might be positive or not      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new study shows machine-learning models trained using simple symptoms, demographic features are effective in predicting COVID-19 infections.

Mathematics: Statistics
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New statistical method improves genomic analyzes      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new statistical method provides a more efficient way to uncover biologically meaningful changes in genomic data that span multiple conditions -- such as cell types or tissues.

Mathematics: General Mathematics: Modeling Mathematics: Statistics
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Mathematical modeling suggests U.S. counties are still unprepared for COVID spikes      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

America was unprepared for the magnitude of the pandemic, which overwhelmed many counties and filled some hospitals to capacity. A new study suggests there may have been a mathematical method, of sorts, to the madness of those early COVID days.

Mathematics: Statistics
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Statistical oversight could explain inconsistencies in nutritional research      (via sciencedaily.com) 

People often wonder why one nutritional study tells them that eating too many eggs, for instance, will lead to heart disease and another tells them the opposite. The answer to this and other conflicting food studies may lie in the use of statistics, according to a new report.

Mathematics: Statistics
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Biomarkers used to track benefits of anti-aging therapies can be misleading, suggests nematode study      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers followed the birth and death of tens of thousands of nematode worms using the 'Lifespan Machine', which collects lifespan data at unprecedented statistical resolution. They found that worms have at least two distinct 'biological ages', and that these have consistent correlations between each other, suggesting the existence of an invisible hierarchical structure that regulates the ageing process. The findings challenge the idea of living organisms having a single, universal biological age. It also means mean that biomarkers used to assess biological age can be changed by interventions such as diet, exercise, or drug treatments without actually turning a 'fast ager' into a 'slow ager'. The study calls into question the use of ageing biomarkers -- what exactly are they measuring?

Mathematics: Statistics
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New software platform advances understanding of the surface finish of manufactured components      (via sciencedaily.com) 

The contact.engineering platform enables users to create a digital twin of a surface and thus to help predict, for example, how quickly it wears out, how well it conducts heat, or how well it adheres to other materials.

Mathematics: Statistics
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Healthcare researchers must be wary of misusing AI      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A commentary advocates the proper application of artificial intelligence in healthcare and warns of the dangers when machine learning algorithms are misused.

Mathematics: Statistics
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New method to identify symmetries in data using Bayesian statistics      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Scientists have developed a method to identify symmetries in multi-dimensional data using Bayesian statistical techniques. Bayesian statistics has been in the spotlight in recent years due to improvements in computer performance and its potential applications in artificial intelligence. However, this statistical approach requires complex calculations of integrals, which are often considered approximations only. In their new study, the research team successfully derived new exact integral formulas. Their findings contribute to improving the accuracy of methods to identify data symmetries, possibly extending their applications to wider areas of interest, such as genetic analysis.

Mathematics: Statistics
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Idea of ice age 'species pump' in the Philippines boosted by new way of drawing evolutionary trees      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A groundbreaking Bayesian method and new statistical analyses of genomic data from geckos in the Philippines shows that during the ice ages, the timing of gecko diversification gives strong statistical support for the first time to the Pleistocene aggregate island complex (PAIC) model of diversification, or 'species pump.'

Mathematics: Statistics
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Topology and machine learning reveal hidden relationship in amorphous silicon      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Fine-tuning the thermal conductivity of amorphous silicon used in technologies such as solar cells and image sensors should become much easier thanks to the computational topology and machine-learning-assisted discovery of the relationship between nano-scale structures and physical properties.

Mathematics: Statistics
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When quan­tum par­ti­cles fly like bees      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A quantum system with only 51 charged atoms can take on more than two quadrillion different states. Calculating the system's behavior is child's play for a quantum simulator. But verifying the result is almost impossible, even with today's supercomputers. A research team has now shown how these systems can be verified using equations formulated in the 18th century.

Mathematics: Statistics
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One particle on two paths: Quantum physics is right      (via sciencedaily.com) 

The famous double slit experiment shows that particles can travel on two paths at the same time -- but only by looking at a lot of particles and analysing the results statistically. Now a two-path-interference experiment has been designed that only has to measure one specific particle to prove that it travelled on two paths.

Geoscience: Environmental Issues Mathematics: Statistics
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Exposure assessment for Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Health outcomes      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Mathematicians have developed statistical methods that lay the framework for the crucial first step of determining whether there are any linkages between exposures and health outcomes from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, which is considered the largest marine oil spill in the history of the U.S.

Mathematics: Statistics
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Machine learning model could better measure baseball players' performance      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers have developed a machine learning model that could better measure baseball players' and teams' short- and long-term performance, compared to existing statistical analysis methods for the sport. Drawing on recent advances in natural language processing and computer vision, their approach would completely change, and could enhance, the way the state of a game and a player's impact on the game is measured.

Mathematics: Statistics
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Study shows gaps in how STEM organizations collect demographic information      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Professional organizations in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields could more effectively collect data on underrepresented groups in their fields, according to a new survey. With more robust information, STEM organizations could better target efforts to recruit and retain a more diverse membership.

Mathematics: Statistics
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Lottery luck in the light of physics: Researchers present theory on the dynamics of many-particle systems      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Power functional theory is a new approach that makes it possible to describe precisely the dynamics of many-particle systems over time.