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Categories: Ecology: Research, Mathematics: Modeling

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Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: General Ecology: Research Environmental: Ecosystems
Published

Biodiversity safeguards bird communities under a changing climate      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new study shows that North American bird communities containing functionally diverse species have changed less under climate change during the past 50 years than functionally simple communities.

Mathematics: Modeling
Published

Researchers use AI to triage patients with chest pain      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Artificial intelligence (AI) may help improve care for patients who show up at the hospital with acute chest pain, according to a new study.

Ecology: General Ecology: Research
Published

Climate conundrum: Study finds ants aren't altering behavior in rising temperatures      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new study finds that ants are not adjusting their behavior in response to warming temperatures, persisting in sub-optimal microhabitats even when optimal ones were present. The finding suggests ants may not be able to adjust their behavior in response to warming ecosystems.

Geoscience: Environmental Issues Mathematics: Modeling
Published

AI improves detail, estimate of urban air pollution      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Using artificial intelligence, engineers have simplified and reinforced models that accurately calculate the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) -- the soot, dust and exhaust emitted by trucks and cars that get into human lungs -- contained in urban air pollution.

Mathematics: Modeling
Published

Computer models determine drug candidate's ability to bind to proteins      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Combing computational physics with experimental data, researchers have developed computer models for determining a drug candidate's ability to target and bind to proteins within cells.

Ecology: General Ecology: Research Environmental: Ecosystems
Published

Better access to sunlight could be lifeline for corals worldwide      (via sciencedaily.com) 

When it comes to preserving the world's coral reefs, what's going on above the surface is as important as what's going on below it, according to new research.

Computer Science: Artificial Intelligence (AI) Mathematics: Modeling
Published

Project aims to expand language technologies      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Only a fraction of the 7,000 to 8,000 languages spoken around the world benefit from modern language technologies like voice-to-text transcription, automatic captioning, instantaneous translation and voice recognition. Researchers want to expand the number of languages with automatic speech recognition tools available to them from around 200 to potentially 2,000.

Ecology: General Ecology: Research
Published

Climate 'presses' and 'pulses' impact Magellanic penguins -- a marine predator -- with guidance for conservationists      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Climate change will reshape ecosystems through two types of events: short-term, extreme events -- or 'pulses' -- and long-term changes, or 'presses.' Understanding the effects of presses and pulses is essential as conservationists and policymakers try to preserve ecosystems and safeguard biodiversity. Researchers have discovered how different presses and pulses impacted Magellanic penguins -- a migratory marine predator -- over nearly four decades and found that, though individual presses and pulses impacted penguins in a variety of ways, both were equally important for the future survival of the penguin population. They also found that these types of climate changes, taken together, are leading to an overall population decline at their historically largest breeding site.

Ecology: General Ecology: Invasive Species Ecology: Research
Published

Warming oceans have decimated marine parasites -- but that's not a good thing      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Save the ... parasites? Analyzing 140 years of parasite abundance in fish shows dramatic declines, especially in parasites that rely on three or more host species. The decline is linked to warming ocean temperatures. Parasitic species might be in real danger, researchers warn -- and that means not just fewer worms, but losses for the entire ecosystem.

Ecology: General Ecology: Research
Published

Marine plankton tell the long story of ocean health, and maybe human too      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers suggest that rising levels of humanmade chemicals, accumulating in marine plankton, might be used to monitor the impact of human activity on ecosystem health and perhaps study links between ocean pollution and land-based rates of childhood and adult chronic illnesses.

Ecology: General Ecology: Research Environmental: Ecosystems
Published

Study details impact of prairie dog plague die-off on other species      (via sciencedaily.com) 

This study, conducted from 2015-19 in the Thunder Basin National Grassland, may be the first to specifically examine the multispecies impacts of a wide-scale plague outbreak, which reduced the area covered by prairie dog colonies from nearly 25,000 acres to only about 125 acres in the study area. The 2017 outbreak was followed by abnormally high precipitation in 2018, which caused vegetation to grow quickly and taller without the presence of prairie dogs. The researchers found that the mountain plover, birds that thrive when vegetation is kept shorter by prairie dogs, almost disappeared from the study area, while migrant songbirds such as the lark bunting, which prefer taller vegetation, increased in number. Meanwhile, species including ferruginous hawks, badgers and swift foxes declined dramatically as their prey base crashed.

Ecology: General Ecology: Invasive Species Ecology: Research Environmental: Ecosystems
Published

Invasive rats transform reef fish behavior      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Scientists have discovered for the first time that invasive rats on tropical islands are affecting the territorial behavior of fish on surrounding coral reefs. The new study shows that the presence of invasive black rats on tropical islands is causing changes in the territorial behavior of the jewel damselfish -- a herbivorous species of tropical reef fish that 'farm' algae in the branches of corals.

Mathematics: Modeling
Published

New approach to epidemic modeling could speed up pandemic simulations      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers are employing sparsification, a method from graph theory and computer science, to identify which links in a network are the most important for the spread of disease.

Ecology: General Ecology: Research
Published

Effects of highly pathogenic avian influenza on canids investigated      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers have revealed the effects of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus infection on an Ezo red fox and a Japanese raccoon dog, linking their infection to a recorded die-off of crows.

Mathematics: General Mathematics: Modeling Mathematics: Statistics
Published

Modelling the collective movement of bacteria      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new paper presents a mathematical model for the motion of bacteria that includes cell division and death, the basic ingredients of the cell cycle.

Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: General Ecology: Research
Published

Current Antarctic conservation efforts are insufficient to avoid biodiversity declines, study shows      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Existing conservation efforts are insufficient to protect Antarctic ecosystems, and population declines are likely for 65% of the continent's plants and wildlife by the year 2100, according to a new study.

Mathematics: Modeling
Published

Characters' actions in movie scripts reflect gender stereotypes      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers have developed a novel machine-learning framework that uses scene descriptions in movie scripts to automatically recognize different characters' actions. Applying the framework to hundreds of movie scripts showed that these actions tend to reflect widespread gender stereotypes, some of which are found to be consistent across time.

Ecology: General Ecology: Research Environmental: Ecosystems
Published

Palau's Rock Islands harbor heat-resistant corals      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Ocean warming is driving an increase in the frequency and severity of marine heatwaves, causing untold damage to coral reefs. Tropical corals, which live in symbiosis with tiny single celled algae, are sensitive to high temperatures, and exhibit a stress response called bleaching when the ocean gets too hot. In the last 4 decades, marine heatwaves have caused widespread bleaching, and killed millions of corals. Because of this, a global search is underway for reefs that can withstand the heat stress, survive future warming, and act as sources of heat-tolerant coral larvae to replenish affected areas both naturally and through restoration.

Computer Science: Artificial Intelligence (AI) Engineering: Robotics Research Mathematics: Modeling
Published

Should we tax robots?      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A small tax on robots, as well as on trade generally, will help reduce income inequality in the U.S., according to economists.

Geoscience: Earthquakes Mathematics: Modeling
Published

Study shows how machine learning could predict rare disastrous events, like earthquakes or pandemics      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers suggest how scientists can circumvent the need for massive data sets to forecast extreme events with the combination of an advanced machine learning system and sequential sampling techniques.