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Categories: Ecology: Research, Paleontology: Fossils

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Ecology: Extinction Ecology: General Ecology: Invasive Species Ecology: Research Environmental: Biodiversity
Published

UK's Overseas Territories at ongoing risk from wide range of invasive species      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new study has for the first time predicted which invasive species could pose a future threat to the UK's ecologically unique Overseas Territories.

Biology: Botany Biology: Developmental Ecology: General Ecology: Research
Published

New species of microalgae discovered      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new species of microalgae was found in water from a home aquarium. While analyzing DNA samples taken from the algae, researchers discovered Medakamo hakoo, whose DNA sequence didn't match any on record. This new species is the smallest known freshwater green algae, with inherent qualities which enable it to be cultured stably at high density, meaning it could be effectively used to produce useful products for food and industry.

Biology: Botany Biology: Evolutionary Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: General Ecology: Research Geoscience: Environmental Issues
Published

Ancestral variation guides future environmental adaptations      (via sciencedaily.com) 

The speed of environmental change is very challenging for wild organisms. When exposed to a new environment individual plants and animals can potentially adjust their biology to better cope with new pressures they are exposed to -- this is known as phenotypic plasticity. New research shows that early plasticity can influence the ability to subsequently evolve genetic adaptations to conquer new habitats.

Biology: Evolutionary Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: General Ecology: Research Geoscience: Environmental Issues
Published

Rapid plant evolution may make coastal regions more susceptible to flooding and sea level rise, study shows      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Evolution has occurred more rapidly than previously thought in the Chesapeake Bay wetlands, which may decrease the chance that coastal marshes can withstand future sea level rise, researchers at the University of Notre Dame and collaborators demonstrated in a recent publication in Science.

Ecology: General Ecology: Research
Published

How salmon feed flowers and flourishing ecosystems      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Nutrients from salmon carcasses can substantively alter the growth and reproduction of plant species in the surrounding habitat, and even cause some flowers to grow bigger and more plentiful, researchers have found.

Anthropology: General Biology: Evolutionary Paleontology: Fossils Paleontology: General
Published

New geosciences study shows Triassic fossils that reveal origins of living amphibians      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A team of paleontologists have discovered the first 'unmistakable' Triassic-era caecilian fossil -- the oldest-known caecilian fossils -- thus extending the record of this small, burrowing animal by roughly 35 million years. The find also fills a gap of at least 87 million years in the known historical fossil record of the amphibian-like creature.

Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: Extinction Ecology: General Ecology: Research
Published

Economics trump environment to save big cats, say ecologists      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Rapid economic growth has pushed rare species of big carnivores to the brink of extinction, but ecologists have suggested our appetite to once again live alongside big cats is increasing.

Biology: Microbiology Ecology: General Ecology: Research Geoscience: Geology Geoscience: Volcanoes
Published

Immense diversity and interdependence in high temp deep-sea microorganism communities      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new study finds that microorganisms live in richly diverse and interdependent communities in high-temperature geothermal environments in the deep sea. By constructing genomes of 3,635 Bacteria and Archaea from 40 different rock communities, researchers discovered at least 500 new genera and have evidence for two new phyla. Samples from the deep-sea Brothers volcano were especially enriched with different kinds of microorganisms, many endemic to the volcano. The genomic data from this study also showed that many of these organisms depend on one another for survival. Some microorganisms cannot metabolize all of the nutrients they need to survive so they rely on nutrients created by other species in a process known as a 'metabolic handoff.'

Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: Extinction Ecology: General Ecology: Research Environmental: Ecosystems
Published

Can elephants save the planet?      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers report that elephants play a key role in creating forests which store more atmospheric carbon and maintaining the biodiversity of forests in Africa. If the already critically endangered elephants become extinct, rainforest of central and west Africa, the second largest rainforest on earth, would lose between six and nine percent of their ability to capture atmospheric carbon, amplifying planetary warming.

Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: General Ecology: Invasive Species Ecology: Research Environmental: Ecosystems
Published

New discovery: Endangered Amami rabbit disperses seeds for non-photosynthetic plant      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Seed dispersal is an essential process for the evolution and ecology of terrestrial plants, making discoveries of uncommon seed dispersal agents particularly interesting. Scientists now reveal that the Amami rabbit (Pentalagus furnessi) is a major seed dispersal agent for the non-photosynthetic plant Balanophora yuwanensis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first known instance of rabbits serving as seed dispersal agents in Asia.

Ecology: Extinction Ecology: General Ecology: Research Ecology: Trees Environmental: Ecosystems
Published

Forests face fierce threats from multiple industries, not just agricultural expansion      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Intact forests are important climate regulators and harbors of biodiversity, but they are rapidly disappearing. Agriculture is commonly considered to be the major culprit behind forest loss, but the authors of a new article show that agriculture isn't solely to blame. For forest loss associated with the 2014 world economy, over 60% was related to final consumption of non-agricultural products, such as minerals, metals and wood-related goods, and the authors argue that we must consider international trade markets when designing conservation strategies.

Ecology: General Ecology: Research Geoscience: Geology Geoscience: Volcanoes
Published

Rare opportunity to study short-lived volcanic island reveals sulfur-metabolizing microbes      (via sciencedaily.com) 

On the short-lived island of Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai, researchers discovered a unique microbial community that metabolizes sulfur and atmospheric gases, similar to organisms found in deep sea vents or hot springs.

Anthropology: Cultures Anthropology: Early Humans Anthropology: General Archaeology: General Biology: Evolutionary Paleontology: Fossils
Published

Plague trackers: Researchers cover thousands of years in a quest to understand the elusive origins of the Black Death      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Seeking to better understand more about the origins and movement of bubonic plague, in ancient and contemporary times, researchers have completed a painstaking granular examination of hundreds of modern and ancient genome sequences, creating the largest analysis of its kind.

Anthropology: General Archaeology: General Offbeat: Paleontology and Archeology Offbeat: Plants and Animals Paleontology: Fossils
Published

Mummified crocodiles provide insights into mummy-making over time      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Crocodiles were mummified in a unique way at the Egyptian site of Qubbat al-Hawa during the 5th Century BC, according to a new study.

Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: General Ecology: Research Environmental: Ecosystems
Published

Biodiversity safeguards bird communities under a changing climate      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new study shows that North American bird communities containing functionally diverse species have changed less under climate change during the past 50 years than functionally simple communities.

Ecology: General Ecology: Research
Published

Climate conundrum: Study finds ants aren't altering behavior in rising temperatures      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new study finds that ants are not adjusting their behavior in response to warming temperatures, persisting in sub-optimal microhabitats even when optimal ones were present. The finding suggests ants may not be able to adjust their behavior in response to warming ecosystems.

Anthropology: General Archaeology: General Paleontology: Fossils
Published

Marriage in Minoan Crete      (via sciencedaily.com) 

An international team of researchers achieves completely new insights into Bronze Age marriage rules and family structures in Greece. Analyses of ancient genomes show that the choice of marriage partners was determined by one's own kinship.

Ecology: Extinction Offbeat: Paleontology and Archeology Paleontology: Dinosaurs Paleontology: Early Mammals and Birds Paleontology: Fossils Paleontology: General
Published

Fossils reveal dinosaurs of prehistoric Patagonia      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

A study is providing a glimpse into dinosaur and bird diversity in Patagonia during the Late Cretaceous, just before the non-avian dinosaurs went extinct. The fossils represent the first record of theropods -- a dinosaur group that includes both modern birds and their closest non-avian dinosaur relatives -- from the Chilean portion of Patagonia. The researchers' finds include giant megaraptors with large sickle-like claws and birds similar to todays ducks and geese.

Anthropology: Cultures Anthropology: Early Humans Anthropology: General Archaeology: General Paleontology: Fossils
Published

Ethical ancient DNA research must involve descendant communities, say researchers      (via sciencedaily.com) 

The analysis of ancient DNA allows scientists to trace human evolution and make important discoveries about modern populations. The data revealed by ancient DNA sampling can be valuable, but the human remains that carry this ancient DNA are often those of the ancestors of modern Indigenous groups, and some communities have expressed concerns about the ethics of sampling by outside parties. A group of scientists make the case for involvement of descendant communities in all aspects of the research process.

Ecology: General Ecology: Research Environmental: Ecosystems
Published

Better access to sunlight could be lifeline for corals worldwide      (via sciencedaily.com) 

When it comes to preserving the world's coral reefs, what's going on above the surface is as important as what's going on below it, according to new research.