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Categories: Geoscience: Severe Weather, Space: Cosmology

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Environmental: Ecosystems Geoscience: Landslides Geoscience: Severe Weather
Published

A changing flood recipe for Las Vegas      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Las Vegas, with its rapid urbanization and desert landscape, is highly vulnerable to flooding. For this reason, flood managers have built an extensive system of drainage ditches and detention basins to protect the public. Now, a new study shows how intentional engineering and urban development are interacting with climate change to alter the timing and intensity of flood risk.

Geoscience: Severe Weather
Published

Science of sediment transport key to river conservation and protection      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers have devised a better way to measure how fast sediment flows in rivers -- information that can help scientists and planners better prepare for flooding and weather-related events, understand salmon activity and even restore rivers.

Space: Astrophysics Space: Cosmology
Published

The mechanism of cosmic magnetic fields explored in the laboratory      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Recent research shows that magnetic fields can spontaneously emerge in a plasma if the plasma has a temperature anisotropy. This mechanism is known as the Weibel instability. This new research is the first to unambiguously observe the Weibel instability in the laboratory. It offers a possible solution to the problem of the origin of the microgauss-level magnetic fields that permeate the galaxies.

Environmental: Ecosystems Geoscience: Severe Weather
Published

Climate change likely to uproot more Amazon trees      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Tropical forests are crucial for sucking up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. But they're also subject to intense storms that can cause 'windthrow' -- the uprooting or breaking of trees. A new study finds that more extreme thunderstorms from climate change will likely cause a greater number of large windthrow events in the Amazon, which could impact the rainforest's ability to serve as a carbon sink.

Geoscience: Geomagnetic Storms Geoscience: Severe Weather Offbeat: Earth and Climate
Published

When migrating birds go astray, disturbances in magnetic field may be partly to blame      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Disturbances to Earth's magnetic field can lead birds astray -- a phenomenon scientists call 'vagrancy' -- even in perfect weather, and especially during fall migration. While other factors such as weather likely play bigger roles in causing vagrancy, researchers found a strong correlation between birds that were captured far outside of their expected range and the geomagnetic disturbances that occurred during both fall and spring migrations.

Geoscience: Severe Weather
Published

NASA says 2022 fifth warmest year on record, warming trend continues      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Earth's average surface temperature in 2022 tied with 2015 as the fifth warmest on record, according to an analysis by NASA. Continuing the planet's long-term warming trend, global temperatures in 2022 were 1.6 degrees Fahrenheit (0.89 degrees Celsius) above the average for NASA's baseline period (1951-1980), scientists report.

Space: Astrophysics Space: Cosmology Space: Exploration Space: Structures and Features
Published

Researchers measure size-luminosity relation of galaxies less than a billion years after Big Bang      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A team has studied the relation between galaxy size and luminosity of some of the earliest galaxies in the universe taken by the James Webb Space Telescope, less than a billion years after the Big Bang.

Geoscience: Severe Weather
Published

Using machine learning to help monitor climate-induced hazards      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Combining satellite technology with machine learning may allow scientists to better track and prepare for climate-induced natural hazards, according to new research.

Geoscience: Environmental Issues Geoscience: Severe Weather
Published

That sinking feeling: Are ice roads holding up under January's unseasonable warmth?      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Vital winter ice road infrastructure may be cracking and sinking under the load of an unseasonably warm start to the new year across Europe and North America. New research warns that ice roads, essential for moving people, food, medicine and fuel in remote northern communities, as well as heavy machinery used by industry, may become unsustainable as the climate warms. This poses significant issues this century.

Space: Cosmology Space: Exploration Space: Structures and Features
Published

NASA's Webb uncovers star formation in cluster's dusty ribbons      (via sciencedaily.com) 

NGC 346, one of the most dynamic star-forming regions in nearby galaxies, is full of mystery. Now, it is less mysterious with new findings from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope.

Ecology: Invasive Species Ecology: Trees Environmental: Ecosystems Geoscience: Environmental Issues Geoscience: Severe Weather
Published

Landscaping for drought: We're doing it wrong      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Despite recent, torrential rains, most of Southern California remains in a drought. Accordingly, many residents plant trees prized for drought tolerance, but a new study shows that these trees lose this tolerance once they're watered.

Space: Cosmology Space: Structures and Features
Published

Ultracool dwarf binary stars break records      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Astrophysicists have discovered the tightest ultracool dwarf binary system ever observed. The two stars are so close that it takes them less than one Earth day to revolve around each other. In other words, each star's 'year' lasts just 20.5 hours.

Geoscience: Severe Weather
Published

Exotic wheat DNA helps breed 'climate-proof' crops      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Wheat containing exotic DNA from wild relatives benefits from up to 50 per cent higher yields in hot weather compared with elite lines lacking these genes.

Space: Cosmology Space: Exploration
Published

Wide diversity of galaxies in the early universe      (via sciencedaily.com) 

New data have revealed that the structures of galaxies in the early universe were much more diverse and mature than previously known. JWST's ability to see faint high redshift galaxies in sharper detail than Hubble allowed the team of researchers to resolve more features and see a wide mix of galaxies.

Space: Cosmology Space: Exploration Space: Structures and Features
Published

Scientists find pair of black holes dining together in nearby galaxy merger      (via sciencedaily.com) 

While studying a nearby pair of merging galaxies scientists have discovered two supermassive black holes growing simultaneously near the center of the newly coalescing galaxy. These super-hungry giants are the closest together that scientists have ever observed in multiple wavelengths. What's more, the new research reveals that binary black holes and the galaxy mergers that create them may be surprisingly commonplace in the Universe.

Space: Cosmology Space: Exploration Space: Structures and Features
Published

Searching for the earliest galaxies in the universe      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Astronomers have used data from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Early Release Observations and discovered 87 galaxies that could be the earliest known galaxies in the universe. The finding moves the astronomers one step closer to finding out when galaxies first appeared in the universe -- about 200-400 million years after the Big Bang.

Space: Cosmology Space: Exploration Space: Structures and Features
Published

NASA's Webb Telescope reveals links between galaxies near and far      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new analysis of distant galaxies imaged by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope shows that they are extremely young and share some remarkable similarities to 'green peas,' a rare class of small galaxies in our cosmic backyard.

Environmental: Ecosystems Geoscience: Severe Weather
Published

Fathoming the hidden heatwaves that threaten coral reefs      (via sciencedaily.com) 

The severity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) that are increasingly impacting ocean ecosystems, including vulnerable coral reefs, has primarily been assessed using remotely sensed sea-surface temperatures (SSTs), without information relevant to heating across ecosystem depths. Here, using a rare combination of SST, high-resolution in-situ temperatures, and sea level anomalies observed over 15 years near Moorea, French Polynesia, we document subsurface MHWs that have been paradoxical in comparison to SST metrics and associated with unexpected coral bleaching across depths. Variations in the depth range and severity of MHWs was driven by mesoscale (10s to 100s of km) eddies that altered sea levels and thermocline depths and decreased (2007, 2017 and 2019) or increased (2012, 2015, 2016) internal-wave cooling.

Geoscience: Environmental Issues Geoscience: Severe Weather
Published

Spring sunny heat waves caused record snow melt in 2021, adding to severe water supply impacts across the Western US      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers examine the role of spring heatwaves on the melting rates of mountain snowpacks across the West. They found that in April 2021, record-breaking snowmelt rates occurred at 24% of all mountain snowpack monitoring sites in the region, further compounding the impacts of extended drought conditions.

Space: Cosmology Space: Structures and Features
Published

James Webb telescope reveals Milky Way-like galaxies in young universe      (via sciencedaily.com) 

New images from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) reveal galaxies with stellar bars -- elongated features of stars stretching from the centers of galaxies into their outer disks -- at a time when the universe was a mere 25% of its present age. The finding of so-called barred galaxies, similar to our Milky Way, this early in the universe will require astrophysicists to refine their theories of galaxy evolution.