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Categories: Ecology: Sea Life, Geoscience: Severe Weather

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Geoscience: Earthquakes Geoscience: Oceanography Geoscience: Severe Weather
Published

California's winter waves may be increasing under climate change      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

A new study uses nearly a century of data to show that the average heights of winter waves along the California coast have increased as climate change has heated up the planet.

Biology: Marine Ecology: Sea Life
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DNA decodes the dining preferences of the shell-shucking whitespotted eagle ray      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

With mighty jaws and plate-like teeth, the globally endangered whitespotted eagle ray can pretty much crunch on anything. Yet, little information is available on critical components of their life history in the U.S., such as their diet. A study is the first use DNA barcoding to uncover the finer-scale feeding patterns of this protected species in Florida. The surprising results have important implications for both shellfish enhancement activities and species management.

Biology: Evolutionary Biology: Marine Ecology: General Ecology: Research Ecology: Sea Life
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Researchers find evolutionary adaption in trout of Wyoming's Wind River Mountains      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Scientists found that trout from lakes stocked decades ago in the Wind River Mountains have higher numbers of gill rakers, which are bony or cartilage structures in the gullets of fish that act as sieves to retain zooplankton and nourish the trout. The difference is likely a result of the trout adapting to the food sources of the once-fishless high-mountain lakes -- a change that has taken place in a relatively short period of time and at a rate that is generally consistent with the historic timing of stocking for each of the lakes.

Biology: Marine Ecology: Sea Life
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Elusive pygmy right whale is a homebody      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

The smallest member of the filter-feeding family is one of the only whale species not to embark on seasonal migrations, new research finds.

Environmental: Ecosystems Geoscience: Environmental Issues Geoscience: Severe Weather
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Secondary forests more sensitive to drought than primary forests      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

The dry summer of 2018 hit Swedish forests hard -- and hardest affected were the managed secondary forests.

Biology: Marine Ecology: Extinction Ecology: Sea Life Environmental: Ecosystems
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New research highlights risks of selective adaptation in extreme coral habitats      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Resilient corals, often referred to as 'super corals', have recently been seen as potential saviours in the face of climate change and its detrimental effects on coral reefs. Now, a team of scientists is working to better understand these corals in order to develop strategies to protect fragile ecosystems such as the Great Barrier Reef.

Geoscience: Environmental Issues Geoscience: Severe Weather
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New research method determines health impacts of heat and air quality      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

The planet experienced the hottest day on record earlier this month and climate projections estimate the intensity of heat waves and poor air quality will increase and continue to cause severe impacts. Researchers have refined and expanded a method of data collection to assess their health impacts.

Biology: Marine Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: Extinction Ecology: Sea Life Environmental: Ecosystems Geoscience: Environmental Issues Geoscience: Oceanography
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Arctic terns may navigate climate dangers      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Arctic terns -- which fly on the longest migrations of any animal on Earth -- may be able to navigate the dangers posed by climate change, new research suggests.

Biology: Marine Ecology: Extinction Ecology: Invasive Species Ecology: Research Ecology: Sea Life
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Scientists discover new isopod species in the Florida Keys      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Scientists have discovered a new species of marine cryptofauna in the Florida Keys. Cryptofauna are the tiny, hidden, organisms that make up the majority of biodiversity in the ocean. The tiny crustaceans are the first new gnathiid isopod to be discovered from the Floridian ecoregion in 100 years and are named after singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett.

Geoscience: Environmental Issues Geoscience: Severe Weather
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Risk of fatal heart attack may double in heat wave and high fine particulate pollution days      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

An analysis of more than 202,000 heart attack deaths between 2015-2020 in a single Chinese province found that days that had extreme heat, extreme cold or high levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution were significantly associated with the risk of death from a heart attack, especially in women and older adults.

Geoscience: Oceanography Geoscience: Severe Weather
Published

Long-term changes in waves and storm surges have not impacted global coastlines      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Changes in ocean wave and storm conditions have not caused long-term impacts on sandy coastlines in the past 30 years, a new study has found.

Geoscience: Environmental Issues Geoscience: Severe Weather
Published

Climate science is catching up to climate change with predictions that could improve proactive response      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

In Africa, climate change impacts are experienced as extreme events like drought and floods. It has now been possible to predict and monitor these climatic events, providing early warning of their impacts on agriculture to support humanitarian and resilience programming in the most food insecure countries of the world.

Ecology: Sea Life Geoscience: Environmental Issues
Published

Artificial 'rocks' from macroplastics threaten ocean health      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Plastic waste is a problem on our beaches. Hence, it is largely removed in a coordinated manner within a few weeks. However, it can litter other coasts of the world for many months to years due to unregulated waste disposal. Often the garbage on the beach is simply burned and a special form of plastic waste is created: so-called plastiglomerate. This 'rock' is made up of natural components, such as coral fragments, held together by the melted and reconsolidated plastic. A new study has now demonstrated, using field samples from Indonesia, that such rocks pose an increased environmental risk to coastal ecosystems such as seagrass beds, mangroves or coral reefs. The melted plastic decomposes more quickly into microplastics and is also contaminated with organic pollutants.

Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: Extinction Ecology: Sea Life
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Shark shock: Scientists discover filter-feeding basking sharks are warm-bodied like great whites      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Approximately 99.9% of fish and shark species are 'cold-blooded', meaning their body tissues generally match the temperature of the water they swim in -- but researchers have just discovered the mighty basking shark is a one-in-a-thousand exception. Instead, these sharks keep the core regions of their bodies warmer than the water like the most athletic swimmers in the sea such as great white sharks, mako sharks and tuna.

Geoscience: Environmental Issues Geoscience: Severe Weather
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Our favorite vintages and their precarious mountainside homes are at risk due to climate change, environmental scientists warn      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Tucked into the hillsides of Italy, Portugal, and Spain, some of the world's most famous -- and most difficult to maintain -- vineyards are heralded for their unique flavor profiles and centuries of tradition. But as extreme weather and changing socioeconomic conditions make this so-called 'heroic viticulture' even more challenging, scientists worry these grapes and their cultural histories are at risk. Researchers argue that farmers and scientists must work together to protect some of the world's most celebrated wines.

Energy: Alternative Fuels Geoscience: Severe Weather Mathematics: Modeling
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Supercomputer used to simulate winds that cause clear air turbulence      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Using Japan's most powerful supercomputer, researchers reproduced cases of clear air turbulence around Tokyo. They simulated the fine vortices responsible for this dangerous phenomenon. The usefulness of the simulation in predicting turbulence was confirmed by comparing simulation data with data from aircraft recordings. This research should improve the forecasting of turbulence.

Geoscience: Severe Weather
Published

Marine heat waves caused mass seabird die-offs, beach surveys show      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

New research uses data collected by coastal residents along beaches from central California to Alaska to understand how seabirds have fared in recent decades. The paper shows that persistent marine heat waves lead to massive seabird die-offs months later.

Environmental: Wildfires Geoscience: Environmental Issues Geoscience: Severe Weather
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Three things to know: Climate change's impact on extreme-weather events      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Researchers found that the effects of climate change on the intensity, frequency, and duration of extreme weather events, like wildfires, could lead to massive increases in all three.

Geoscience: Severe Weather
Published

Birds raise fewer young when spring arrives earlier in a warming world      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

A new study of North American songbirds finds that birds can't keep up with the earlier arrival of spring caused by climate change. As a result, they're raising fewer young. By the end of the 21st century, climate change will cause springlike weather to begin 25 days earlier, but birds will only breed about seven days earlier. That change could lead to an average reduction of 12% in breeding productivity for songbird species.

Geoscience: Environmental Issues Geoscience: Severe Weather Paleontology: Climate
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New study reveals abrupt shift in tropical Pacific climate during Little Ice Age      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

An El Niño event has officially begun. The climate phenomenon, which originates in the tropical Pacific and occurs in intervals of a few years will shape weather across the planet for the next year or more and give rise to various climatic extremes. El Niño-like conditions can also occur on longer time scales of decades or centuries. This has been shown to have occurred in the recent past.