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Categories: Biology: Developmental, Ecology: Animals

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Ecology: Animals
Published

It's not just humans: City life is stressful for coyotes, too      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Though cars are the biggest threat to coyotes taking up residence in U.S. cities, a new study suggests urban living poses a different kind of hazard to coyote health -- in the form of chronic stress. Researchers examined the concentration of the stress hormone cortisol in the hair of almost 100 coyotes living in the Chicago Metropolitan Area. Results showed that coyotes that lived in the most-developed areas had higher cortisol levels -- a proxy for chronic stress -- than animals living in suburban or natural areas.

Biology: Developmental
Published

Certain sugars affect brain 'plasticity,' helping with learning, memory, recovery      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Can you recognize an old friend, but forget what you had for breakfast yesterday? Our brains constantly rearrange their circuitry to retain information, but the molecular basis behind this process isn't well understood. New research suggests that complex sugars called glycosaminoglycans might play a major role in the 'plasticity' of the brains of mice and could be used to repair neural connections after injury.

Biology: Developmental Biology: Microbiology
Published

Building muscle in the lab      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

A new method allows large quantities of muscle stem cells to be safely obtained in cell culture. This provides a potential for treating patients with muscle diseases -- and for those who would like to eat meat, but don't want to kill animals.

Biology: Developmental
Published

Scientists discover external protein network can help stabilize neural connections      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

The Noelin family of secreted proteins bind to the external portion of AMPA glutamate receptors and stabilize them on the neuronal cellular membrane, a process necessary for transmission of full-strength signals between neurons, according to a new study.

Biology: Developmental Physics: Optics
Published

New algorithm captures complex 3D light scattering information from live specimens      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers have developed a new algorithm for recovering the 3D refractive index distribution of biological samples that exhibit multiple types of light scattering.

Biology: Developmental Biology: Microbiology Mathematics: Modeling
Published

Distribution of genetic information during bacterial cell division      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A mathematical model provides new insights into the distribution of genetic information during bacterial cell division

Biology: Developmental Biology: Evolutionary
Published

Global consortium creates large-scale, cross-species database and universal 'clock' to estimate age in all mammalian tissues      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

An international research team details changes in DNA that researchers found are shared by humans and other mammals throughout history and are associated with life span and numerous other traits.

Biology: Developmental Biology: Microbiology
Published

Researchers engineer bacteria that can detect tumor DNA      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Creating new technologically advanced sensors, scientists have engineered bacteria that detect the presence of tumor DNA in live organisms. Their innovation could pave the way to new biosensors capable of identifying various infections, cancers and other diseases.

Biology: Developmental
Published

Scientists reverse hearing loss in mice      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

New research has successfully reversed hearing loss in mice. Scientists used a genetic approach to fix deafness in mice, restoring their hearing abilities in low and middle frequency ranges.

Biology: Developmental
Published

Surprising discovery of low-noise genes      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

While engaging in cell division research, researchers made a surprisingly quiet discovery. When cells express RNA, there is always some fluctuation, or noise, in how much RNA is produced. The scientists found several genes whose noise dips below a previously established threshold, known as the noise floor, during expression.

Biology: Developmental Offbeat: Computers and Math Offbeat: Plants and Animals
Published

The 'unknome': A database of human genes we know almost nothing about      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Researchers hope that a new, publicly available database they have created will shrink, not grow, over time. That's because it is a compendium of the thousands of understudied proteins encoded by genes in the human genome, whose existence is known but whose functions are mostly not.

Biology: Developmental
Published

Mineralization of bone matrix regulates tumor cell growth      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Tumor cells are known to be fickle sleeper agents, often lying dormant in distant tissues for years before reactivating and forming metastasis. Numerous factors have been studied to understand why the activation occurs, from cells and molecules to other components in the so-called tissue microenvironment.

Biology: Developmental Biology: Microbiology
Published

Astonishing complexity of bacterial circadian clocks      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Bacteria make up more than 10% of all living things but until recently we had little realization that, as in humans, soil bacteria have internal clocks that synchronize their activities with the 24-hour cycles of day and night on Earth. New research shows just how complex and sophisticated these bacterial circadian clocks are, clearing the way for an exciting new phase of study.

Biology: Developmental Biology: Evolutionary Biology: Microbiology
Published

Parasites of viruses drive superbug evolution      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Researchers have discovered a previously unknown mechanism by which bacteria share their genetic material through virus parasites. The insights could help scientists to better understand how bacteria rapidly adapt and evolve, and how they become more virulent and resistant to antibiotics.

Biology: Developmental
Published

Study finds a surprising new role for a major immune regulator      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

The immune regulatory protein STING has a previously unknown function: acting as an ion channel that allows protons to leak into cells. This discovery makes it the first human immune sensor that can translate danger signals into ion flow.

Biology: Developmental Biology: Evolutionary
Published

DNA tilts and stretches underlie differences in mutation rates across genomes      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Researchers have changed the way to look at DNA. They show that DNA is much more than a linear sequence of building blocks; it has a 3D structure that influences the variation of human genome-wide mutation rates meaningfully and consistently, and this is likely conserved among species.

Biology: Developmental Biology: Microbiology
Published

Scientists develop gene-editing technology that eliminates EV-A71 RNA viruses      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

A team of scientists has made an important breakthrough in the fight against RNA viruses that cause human diseases and pandemics.

Biology: Developmental
Published

Organoids revolutionize research on respiratory infections      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

In a breakthrough for bioengineering, researchers have developed organoids that can model the human respiratory tract. The organoids, called AirGels, allow them to uncover the mechanism by which antibiotic-resistant pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa infect the respiratory tract.

Biology: Developmental
Published

How flies develop sight: Scientists use single-cell sequencing to identify cell types in the visual system      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Researchers have discovered new cell types in the visual system of flies, made possible by their creation of a tool that finds and labels neurons during development. The study combines single-cell sequencing data with a novel algorithm to identify pairs of genes that point to previously unknown cells in the brains of fruit flies.

Biology: Developmental Offbeat: Plants and Animals
Published

Scientists discover secret of virgin birth, and switch on the ability in female flies      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Scientists have pinpointed a genetic cause for virgin birth for the first time, and once switched on the ability is passed down through generations of females.