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Categories: Biology: Botany, Ecology: Endangered Species

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Biology: Botany Biology: Evolutionary Ecology: Animals
Published

It all depends on the genetic diversity      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

New research shows that a single mutation that has immediate effects on plant fitness is maintained over the long term in natural plant populations, despite theories predict the contrary. The researchers located and identified the gene that regulates the amount of an active defense hormone. Mutants in this gene are susceptible to herbivore attack. However, they compensate for impaired defenses through robust genetic networks. When fewer herbivores attack, they even grow faster and produce more offspring.

Biology: Botany Geoscience: Environmental Issues
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Climate win-win: Study quantifies benefits of enhanced weathering      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Applying ground-up silicate rock to Midwestern farm fields can capture significant amounts of carbon dioxide and prevent it from accumulating in the atmosphere, according to a new study that successfully quantified those climate benefits for the first time.

Ecology: Animals Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: General Ecology: Research Environmental: Biodiversity Environmental: Ecosystems Geoscience: Environmental Issues
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Pollutants are important to biodiversity's role in spread of wildlife diseases      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Conventional wisdom among ecologists holds that the more species there are inhabiting an ecosystem, the less vulnerable any one species will be to a threat like a parasite. A new study of tadpoles illustrates how overlapping biological and environmental factors can complicate how we value protecting diverse animal communities. The researchers found that environmental pollutants like road salt influence whether increased biodiversity helps or hinders disease outbreaks in wildlife, which can complicate how we value protecting diverse animal communities.

Biology: Botany Biology: Microbiology
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Microgreens and mature veggies differ in nutrients, but both might limit weight gain      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Young vegetables known as microgreens are reputed to be particularly good for health. But are microgreens the superfood they're claimed to be, and how do they compare to mature veggies? Scientists have found that their nutritional profiles differ, as do their effects on gut bacteria. Yet, tests in mice suggest that both microgreen and mature vegetables can limit weight gain.

Ecology: Endangered Species Environmental: Ecosystems
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Bats feast as insects migrate through Pyrenees      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Bats gather to feast as nocturnal insects fly through mountain passes in the Pyrenees each autumn, new research shows.

Biology: Botany
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Making plant-based meat alternatives more palatable      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

One of the biggest obstacles to the uptake of plant-based alternatives to meat is their very dry and astringent feel when they are eaten. Scientists are now revolutionizing the sensation of plant proteins, transforming them from a substance that can be experienced as gloopy and dry to one that is juicy and plump. And the only substance they are adding to the plant proteins is water.

Biology: Botany Ecology: Endangered Species Environmental: Ecosystems
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Researchers find global plant water use efficiency stalled due to climate change      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

New findings have found that water use efficiency has stalled since 2001 which implies not as much CO2 was being taken in by plants and more water was consumed and that could have implications on carbon cycling, agricultural production and water resources.

Biology: Botany Offbeat: Plants and Animals
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3D-printed vegan seafood could someday be what's for dinner      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

More mock seafood options are needed because of unsustainable fishing and aquaculture practices, which can harm the environment. Now, researchers have a new approach for creating desirable vegan seafood mimics that taste good, while maintaining the healthful profile of real fish. They 3D-printed an ink made from microalgae protein and mung bean protein, and their proof-of-concept calamari rings were air-fried into a snack.

Biology: Botany Ecology: Endangered Species Geoscience: Environmental Issues
Published

Chemicals from maize roots influence wheat yield      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Maize roots secrete certain chemicals that affect the quality of soil. In some fields, this effect increases yields of wheat planted subsequent to maize in the same soil by more than 4%. While the findings from several field experiments show that these effects are highly variable, in the long term they may yet help to make the cultivation of grains more sustainable, without the need for additional fertilizers or pesticides.

Biology: Botany Ecology: Endangered Species
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The positional transmitter of statoliths unveiled: It keeps plants from getting lazy      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Plants orient their organs in response to the gravity vector, with roots growing towards gravity and shoots growing in the opposite direction. The movement of statoliths responding to the inclination relative to the gravity vector is employed for gravity sensing in both plants and animals. However, in plants, the statolith takes the form of a high-density organelle, known as an amyloplast, which settles toward gravity within the gravity sensing cell. Despite the significance of this gravity sensing mechanism, the exact process behind it has eluded scientists for over a century.

Biology: Botany Ecology: Endangered Species
Published

Researchers identify peptides for pollen tube growth in rice      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) are required for pollen tube germination and elongation, an essential process in plant fertilization. But their role in monocot plants remains unexplored. Scientists have now identified OsRALF17 and OsRALF19 in rice and determined their functions in pollen tube germination and growth. This study provides novel insights into the role of RALFs in rice fertilization, paving the way for enhanced grain yield.

Biology: Botany Biology: Evolutionary Ecology: Endangered Species Paleontology: General
Published

The oldest and fastest evolving moss in the world might not survive climate change      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

A 390-million-year-old moss called Takakia lives in some of Earth's most remote places, including the icy cliffs of the Tibetan Plateau. In a decade-long project, a team of scientists climbed some of the tallest peaks in the world to find Takakia, sequence its DNA for the first time, and study how climate change is impacting the moss. Their results show that Takakia is one of the fastest evolving species ever studied -- but it likely isn't evolving fast enough to survive climate change.

Biology: Botany Biology: Microbiology
Published

Potential novel breakthrough treatment for fungal infections      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Fungal infections are killing thousands of Americans each year, some with a morbidity rate of nearly 80%. To make matters worse, only a handful of antifungal treatments are available, and even those are becoming less effective as fungi become more resistant. However, researchers recently published findings indicating that a novel breakthrough treatment may have been discovered.

Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: Extinction Environmental: Biodiversity
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Kordofan giraffes face local extinction if poaching continues      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Poaching of two Critically Endangered Kordofan giraffes per year could result in extinction in just 15 years within Cameroon's Bénoué National Park without intervention.

Biology: Evolutionary Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: Research
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Researchers are using monkey poop to learn how an endangered species chooses its mates      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Northern muriquis, which live in the Atlantic forest of Brazil, are one of the most endangered species of monkey in the world. To better understand what goes on in the mating lives of muriquis, researchers turned to the monkeys' poop to help gain insight into how the primates choose their mates.

Biology: Marine Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: Extinction Ecology: Invasive Species Ecology: Sea Life Geoscience: Oceanography Geoscience: Severe Weather
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Sea level rise shifts habitat for endangered Florida Keys species      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

A newly published study describes the response to sea level rise by the silver rice rat, an endangered species only found in the Florida Keys.

Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: Extinction
Published

Why you shouldn't declaw tigers or other big cats      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Researchers looked at the effects of declawing on larger cat species and found that declawing disproportionately impacts their muscular capabilities as compared to their smaller brethren.

Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: Invasive Species Environmental: Biodiversity Environmental: Ecosystems Geoscience: Environmental Issues
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Scientists vacuum animal DNA from air in a Danish forest      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Over 60 animal species in three days. That is how many mammals, birds and amphibians researchers found DNA traces from in the air in a Danish forest. The results can pave the way for a new and innovative way of mapping biodiversity.

Biology: Developmental Ecology: Endangered Species Offbeat: Plants and Animals
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Fast electrical signals mapped in plants with new bioelectronic technology      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

What happens inside the carnivorous plant Venus Flytrap when it catches an insect? New technology has led to discoveries about the electrical signalling that causes the trap to snap shut. Bioelectronic technology enables advanced research into how plants react to their surroundings, and to stress.