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Categories: Geoscience: Volcanoes, Space: The Solar System

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Geoscience: Geology Geoscience: Volcanoes
Published

Predicting lava flow      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A team is collecting data that will be used to create models that can help improve lava flow forecasting tools that are useful in determining how hazards impact populations. One such tool, known as MOLASSES, is a simulation engine that forecasts inundation areas of lava flow.

Geoscience: Volcanoes
Published

Using drones to monitor volcanoes: Researchers analyze volcanic gases with the help of ultra-lightweight sensor systems      (via sciencedaily.com) 

The main gases released by volcanoes are water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. Analyzing these gases is one of the best ways of obtaining information on volcanic systems and the magmatic processes that are underway. The ratio of carbon dioxide levels to those of sulfur dioxide can even reveal the likelihood of an impending eruption. Drones are employed to carry the necessary analytical systems to the site of activity.

Space: Exploration Space: The Solar System
Published

Ancient asteroid grains provide insight into the evolution of our solar system      (via sciencedaily.com) 

The UK's national synchrotron facility, Diamond Light Source, was used by a large, international collaboration to study grains collected from a near-Earth asteroid to further our understanding of the evolution of our solar system. Researchers brought a fragment of the Ryugu asteroid to Diamond's Nanoprobe beamline I14 where a special technique called X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) was used to map out the chemical states of the elements within the asteroid material, to examine its composition in fine detail.

Space: Structures and Features Space: The Solar System
Published

Alien planet found spiraling to its doom around an aging star      (via sciencedaily.com) 

The condemned planet could help answer questions about the fate of other worlds as their solar systems evolve.

Space: Exploration Space: The Solar System
Published

Marsquake!      (via sciencedaily.com) 

The quake lasted four hours and identified layering in the crust that could indicate a meteoroid impact. The 4.7 magnitude temblor happened in May 2022 and released five times more energy than any previously recorded quake on Mars. Mapping the seismic activity on Mars will help inform scientists where and how to build structures to ensure the safety of future human explorers.

Space: Structures and Features Space: The Solar System
Published

Astronomers find that two exoplanets may be mostly water      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Astronomers have found evidence that two exoplanets orbiting a red dwarf star are 'water worlds,' planets where water makes up a large fraction of the volume.

Space: Cosmology Space: The Solar System
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Exquisite views of distant galaxies      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

For decades, the Hubble Space Telescope provided us with the most spectacular images of galaxies. This all changed when the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) launched and successfully completed commissioning. For astronomers, the universe is now revealed in a new way never imagined by the telescope's Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) instrument.

Space: Structures and Features Space: The Solar System
Published

ESPRESSO and CARMENES discover two potentially habitable exo-Earths around a star near the sun      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers have discovered the presence of two planets with Earth-like masses in orbit around the star GJ 1002, a red dwarf not far from our solar system. Both planets are in the habitability zone of the star.

Space: The Solar System
Published

VLA and ALMA study Jupiter and Io      (via sciencedaily.com) 

VLA teams up with Juno spacecraft to study Jupiter's atmosphere, and ALMA reveals new details about Io's volcanoes.

Space: Exploration Space: The Solar System
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Sound recording made of dust devils (tiny tornadoes of dust, grit) on Mars      (via sciencedaily.com) 

When the rover Perseverance landed on Mars, it was equipped with the first working microphone on the planet's surface. Scientists have used it to make the first-ever audio recording of an extraterrestrial whirlwind.

Geoscience: Geology Geoscience: Volcanoes
Published

Signals from the ionosphere could improve tsunami forecasts      (via sciencedaily.com) 

The powerful volcanic eruption in January 2022 created ripple effects throughout the world's atmosphere and oceans. Analysis of the Hunga Tonga eruption shows how signals from the ionosphere could help monitor future volcanoes and tsunamis.

Space: Exploration Space: The Solar System
Published

First ultraviolet imaging of Sun's middle corona      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers have discovered web-like plasma structures in the Sun's middle corona. The researchers describe their innovative new observation method, imaging the middled corona in ultraviolet (UV) wavelength. The findings could lead to a better understanding of the solar wind's origins and its interactions with the rest of the solar system.

Space: Exploration Space: The Solar System
Published

Deep-space optical communication demonstration project forges ahead      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Scientists have demonstrated new laser systems for deep-space optical communication.

Space: The Solar System
Published

Hubble detects ghostly glow surrounding our solar system      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Imagine walking into a room at night, turning out all the lights and closing the shades. Yet an eerie glow comes from the walls, ceiling, and floor. The faint light is barely enough to see your hands before your face, but it persists. Sounds like a scene out of a scary movie?" No, for astronomers this is the real deal. But looking for something that's close to nothing is not easy.

Offbeat: Paleontology and Archeology Space: Cosmology Space: Structures and Features Space: The Solar System
Published

Meteorites plus gamma rays could have given Earth the building blocks for life      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Even as detailed images of distant galaxies from the James Webb Space Telescope show us more of the greater universe, scientists still disagree about how life began here on Earth. One hypothesis is that meteorites delivered amino acids -- life's building blocks -- to our planet. Now, researchers have experimentally shown that amino acids could have formed in these early meteorites from reactions driven by gamma rays produced inside the space rocks.

Space: The Solar System
Published

Tiny underwater sand dunes may shed light on larger terrestrial and Martian formations      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Researchers have been studying the dynamics of how crescent-shaped sand dunes are formed. Known as barchans, these formations are commonly found in various sizes and circumstances, on Earth and on Mars. Using a computational fluid dynamics approach, the team carried out simulations by applying the equations of motion to each grain in a pile being deformed by a fluid flow, showing the ranges of values for the proper computation of barchan dunes down to the grain scale.

Space: Exploration Space: The Solar System
Published

Giant mantle plume reveals Mars is more active than previously thought      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Orbital observations unveil the presence of an enormous mantle plume pushing the surface of Mars upward and driving intense volcanic and seismic activity. The discovery reveals that Mars, like Earth and Venus, possesses an active interior, which challenges current views on the evolution of the red planet.

Space: Cosmology Space: Exploration Space: Structures and Features Space: The Solar System
Published

Researchers say space atomic clocks could help uncover the nature of dark matter      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Studying an atomic clock on-board a spacecraft inside the orbit of Mercury and very near to the Sun could be the trick to uncovering the nature of dark matter.

Space: Exploration Space: The Solar System
Published

Small asteroids are probably young      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

The impact experiment conducted on the asteroid Ryugu by the Japanese Hayabusa2 mission which took place two years ago resulted in an unexpectedly large crater. With the use of simulations, a team has recently succeeded in gaining new insights from the experiment regarding the formation and development of asteroids.

Geoscience: Earthquakes Geoscience: Geology Geoscience: Volcanoes
Published

Monitoring 'frothy' magma gases could help evade disaster      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Volcanic eruptions are dangerous and difficult to predict. A team has found that the ratio of atoms in specific gases released from volcanic fumaroles (gaps in the Earth's surface) can provide an indicator of what is happening to the magma deep below -- similar to taking a blood test to check your health. This can indicate when things might be 'heating up.' Specifically, changes in the ratio of argon-40 and helium-3 can indicate how frothy the magma is, which signals the risk of different types of eruption. Understanding which ratios of which gases indicate a certain type of magma activity is a big step. Next, the team hopes to develop portable equipment which can provide on-site, real-time measurements for a 24/7 volcanic activity monitoring and early warning system.