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Categories: Geoscience: Earthquakes, Paleontology: Dinosaurs
Published Lab earthquakes show how grains at fault boundaries lead to major quakes
(via sciencedaily.com) In a 'seismological wind tunnel,' engineers demonstrate the impact of rock gouge -- ground-up rock along a fault boundary -- on earthquake propogation.
Published The link between temperature, dehydration and tectonic tremors in Alaska
(via sciencedaily.com) No one is at their best when they are dehydrated and that goes for tectonic plates too. Researchers using a thermomechanical model of the Alaska subduction zone indicates that plate dehydration is at its highest in the region where low-frequency tremors occur, suggesting that the expelled water contributes towards these seimic events. This improved understanding will contribute to better predictions of future earthquakes.
Published A 3400-year-old city emerges from the Tigris River
(via sciencedaily.com) Archaeologists have uncovered a 3400-year-old Mittani Empire-era city once located on the Tigris River. The settlement emerged from the waters of the Mosul reservoir early this year as water levels fell rapidly due to extreme drought in Iraq. The extensive city with a palace and several large buildings could be ancient Zakhiku -- believed to have been an important center in the Mittani Empire (ca. 1550-1350 BC).
Published The history of Lake Cahuilla before the Salton Sea
(via sciencedaily.com) Lake Cahuilla went through many cycles of filling and drying out over thousands of years. A new study used radiocarbon dating to determine the timing of the last seven periods of filling during the Late Holocene. The research sheds light on both the history of human occupation in the area and its seismic past.
Published Arc volcanoes are wetter than previously thought, with scientific and economic implications
(via sciencedaily.com) The percentage of water in arc volcanoes, which form above subduction zones, may be far more than many previous studies have calculated. This increased amount of water has broad implications for understanding how Earth's lower crust forms, how magma erupts through the crust, and how economically important mineral ore deposits form, according to a new article.
Published Tsunami threats underestimated in current models
(via sciencedaily.com) USC researchers have found a correlation between tsunami severity and the width of the outer wedge -- the area between the continental shelf and deep trenches where large tsunamis emerge -- that helps explain how underwater seismic events generate large tsunamis.
Published Hot-blooded T. rex and cold-blooded Stegosaurus: Chemical clues reveal dinosaur metabolisms
(via sciencedaily.com) Paleontologists have debated whether dinosaurs were warm-blooded, like modern mammals and birds, or cold-blooded, like modern reptiles. In a new paper, scientists are unveiling a new method for studying dinosaurs' metabolic rates, using clues in their bones.
Published Puzzling features deep in Earth's interior illuminated
(via sciencedaily.com) New research examines an unusual pocket of rock at the boundary layer with Earth's core, some three thousand kilometers beneath the surface.
Published Hunga volcano eruption provides an explosion of data
(via sciencedaily.com) The massive Jan. 15, 2022, eruption of the Hunga submarine volcano in the South Pacific Ocean created a variety of atmospheric wave types, including booms heard 6,200 miles away in Alaska. It also created an atmospheric pulse that caused an unusual tsunami-like disturbance that arrived at Pacific shores sooner than the actual tsunami.
Published New research could provide earlier warning of tsunamis
(via sciencedaily.com) A new method of detecting mega earthquakes, which picks up on the gravity waves they generate by using deep-learning models, can estimate earthquake magnitude in real time and provide earlier warning of tsunamis.
Published Lake Erie quakes triggered by shifting water levels? Study finds no smoking gun, urges further research
(via sciencedaily.com) In June 2019, a magnitude 4.0 earthquake occurred beneath Lake Erie just off the shoreline of Ohio, about 20 miles northeast of Cleveland.
Published Major 2020 Alaska quake triggered neighboring 2021 temblor
(via sciencedaily.com) A study of two powerful earthquakes in adjacent areas off the Alaska Peninsula in 2020 and 2021 shows a connection between the two. It also suggests they may be a part of an 80-year rupture cascade along the fault.
Published Researchers discover overlooked Jurassic Park of lizards
(via sciencedaily.com) New research moves back the moment of the radiation of squamates -- the group of reptiles that includes lizards, snakes and worm lizards -- to the Jurassic, a long time before current estimates.
Published Precipitation helped drive distribution of Alaska dinosaurs
(via sciencedaily.com) Precipitation more than temperature influenced the distribution of herbivorous dinosaurs in what is now Alaska, according to new research. The finding discusses the distribution of hadrosaurids and ceratopsids -- the megaherbivores of the Late Cretaceous Period, 100.5 million to 66 million years ago.
Published Space-based system using GPS satellites could warn of incoming tsunamis
(via sciencedaily.com) A new method for detecting tsunamis using existing GPS satellites orbiting Earth could serve as an effective warning system for countries worldwide, according to a new study.
Published Volcanoes at fault if the Earth slips
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study has attributed the root cause of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes to specific geological damage. A relatively large dip-slip displacement was discovered at the site. The Futagawa strike-slip fault is a vertical break in the ground tracing a line southwest originating from Mount Aso.
Published Earliest geochemical evidence of plate tectonics found in 3.8-billion-year-old crystal
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Plate tectonics may be unique to Earth and may be an essential characteristic of habitable planets. Estimates for its onset range from over 4 billion years ago to just 800 million years ago. A new study reports evidence of a transition in multiple locations around the world, 3.8-3.6 billion years ago, from stable 'protocrust' to pressures and processes that look a lot like modern subduction, suggesting a time when plates first got moving.
Published Neural network model helps predict site-specific impacts of earthquakes
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source In disaster mitigation planning for future large earthquakes, seismic ground motion predictions are a crucial part of early warning systems. The way the ground moves depends on how the soil layers amplify the seismic waves (described in a mathematical site 'amplification factor'). However, geophysical explorations to understand soil conditions are costly, limiting characterization of site amplification factors to date. Using data on microtremors in Japan, a neural network model can estimate site-specific responses to earthquakes based on subsurface soil conditions.
Published A swarm of 85,000 earthquakes at the Antarctic Orca submarine volcano
(via sciencedaily.com) In a remote area, a mix of geophysical methods identifies magma transfer below the seafloor as the cause.
Published Injured dinosaur left behind unusual footprints
(via sciencedaily.com) A set of dinosaur footprints in Spain has unusual features because the dinosaur that made the tracks had an injured foot, according to a new study.