Anthropology: General Archaeology: General Paleontology: Fossils
Published

Ancient DNA from medieval Germany tells the origin story of Ashkenazi Jews      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Extracting ancient DNA from teeth, an international group of scientists peered into the lives of a once-thriving medieval Ashkenazi Jewish community in Erfurt, Germany. The findings show that the Erfurt Jewish community was more genetically diverse than modern day Ashkenazi Jews.

Offbeat: Earth and Climate Offbeat: Paleontology and Archeology Paleontology: Dinosaurs Paleontology: Early Mammals and Birds Paleontology: Fossils
Published

Fossil overturns more than a century of knowledge about the origin of modern birds      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Fossilized fragments of a skeleton, hidden within a rock the size of a grapefruit, have helped upend one of the longest-standing assumptions about the origins of modern birds.

Ecology: Endangered Species Offbeat: Paleontology and Archeology Paleontology: Climate Paleontology: Early Mammals and Birds Paleontology: Fossils
Published

Mammoth problem with extinction timeline      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Paleontologists say environmental DNA is not always helpful in identifying when animals like mammoths went extinct because genetic material found in sediment could have come from animals that died thousands of years earlier.

Paleontology: Dinosaurs Paleontology: Fossils
Published

Oldest Pterodactylus fossil found in Germany      (via sciencedaily.com) 

The oldest Pterodactylus specimen was found near Painten, Germany. The fossil is about one million years older than other Pterodactylus specimens. The specimen is a complete, well-preserved skeleton of a small-sized individual. With a 5-cm-long skull, it represents a rare 'sub-adult' individual.

Paleontology: Climate Paleontology: Fossils
Published

What ancient underwater food webs can tell us about the future of climate change      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Have humans wreaked too much havoc on marine life to halt damage? A new analysis challenges the idea that ocean ecosystems have barely changed over millions of years, pointing scientists down a new path on conservation efforts and policy.

Geoscience: Geology Paleontology: Climate Paleontology: Early Mammals and Birds
Published

The evolution of Asia's mammals was dictated by ancient climate change and rising mountains      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new study compiles data on more than 3,000 species to show how climate and geologic changes across Asia over the last 66 million years have shaped the evolution of the continent's mammals.

Paleontology: Early Mammals and Birds
Published

Planet's rarest birds at higher risk of extinction      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new study finds that bird species with extreme or uncommon combinations of traits face the highest risk of extinction.

Offbeat: Paleontology and Archeology Paleontology: Fossils
Published

525-million-year-old fossil defies textbook explanation for brain evolution      (via sciencedaily.com) 

According to a new study, fossils of a tiny sea creature with a delicately preserved nervous system solve a century-old debate over how the brain evolved in arthropods, the most species-rich group in the animal kingdom. Combining detailed anatomical studies of the fossilized nervous system with analyses of gene expression patterns in living descendants, they conclude that a shared blueprint of brain organization has been maintained from the Cambrian until today.

Paleontology: Fossils
Published

Decrease in crucial trace element preceded ancient mass extinction      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A decline in the element molybdenum across the planet's oceans preceded a significant extinction event approximately 183 million years ago, new research shows.

Paleontology: Fossils
Published

World's oldest meal helps unravel mystery of our earliest animal ancestors      (via sciencedaily.com) 

The contents of the last meal consumed by the earliest animals known to inhabit Earth more than 550 million years ago has unearthed new clues about the physiology of our earliest animal ancestors, according to scientists.

Paleontology: Fossils
Published

Earth might be experiencing 7th mass extinction, not 6th      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Earth is currently in the midst of a mass extinction, losing thousands of species each year. New research suggests environmental changes caused the first such event in history, which occurred millions of years earlier than scientists previously realized.

Anthropology: General Archaeology: General Offbeat: Paleontology and Archeology Paleontology: Fossils
Published

1,700-year-old spider monkey remains discovered in Teotihuacán, Mexico      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

The complete skeletal remains of a spider monkey -- seen as an exotic curiosity in pre-Hispanic Mexico -- grants researchers new evidence regarding social-political ties between two ancient powerhouses: Teotihuacán and Maya Indigenous rulers. The remains of other animals were also discovered, as well as thousands of Maya-style mural fragments and over 14,000 ceramic sherds from a grand feast. These pieces are more than 1,700 years old.

Paleontology: Fossils
Published

Solid salamander: Prehistoric amphibian was as heavy as a pygmy hippo      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Scientists have calculated the body mass of two ancient amphibians.

Paleontology: Fossils
Published

Rapid fluctuations in oxygen levels coincided with Earth's first mass extinction      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Rapid changes in marine oxygen levels may have played a significant role in driving Earth's first mass extinction, according to a new study.

Paleontology: Fossils
Published

Ray-finned fish survived mass extinction event      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Ray-finned fish, now the most diverse group of backboned animals, were not as hard hit by a mass extinction event 360 million years ago as scientists previously thought.

Paleontology: Fossils
Published

Tiniest ever ancient seawater pockets revealed      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Ancient seawater pockets offer a new source of clues to climate change in vanished oceans and our own.

Geoscience: Geology Paleontology: Fossils
Published

Earth can regulate its own temperature over millennia, new study finds      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A new study confirms that the planet harbors a 'stabilizing feedback' mechanism that acts over hundreds of thousands of years to keep global temperatures within a steady, habitable range.

Anthropology: Early Humans Archaeology: General Offbeat: Paleontology and Archeology Paleontology: Fossils
Published

Footprints claimed as evidence of ice age humans in North America need better dating, new research shows      (via sciencedaily.com) 

The preserved footprints found in New Mexico's Lake Otero Basin would upend scientific understanding of how, and when, humans first arrived in North America, if they are accurately dated. A new study brings the age claim into question.

Offbeat: Paleontology and Archeology Paleontology: Fossils
Published

Welsh 'weird wonder' fossils add piece to puzzle of arthropod evolution      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

International team of researchers describe new fossil species discovered in fossil deposit near Llandrindod Wells in mid-Wales. The fossil, Mierridduryn bonniae, shares many features with Cambrian 'weird wonder' Opabinia, but is 40 million years younger. Robust phylogenetic analyses suggest that Mierridduryn is either the third opabiniid ever discovered, or is a distinct group that is key for understanding the evolution of the arthropod head.

Paleontology: Early Mammals and Birds
Published

More than one way to build a black bird      (via sciencedaily.com) 

For a species of flycatcher in the remote Solomon Islands, scientists have so far found at least two genetic pathways leading to the same physical outcome: all-black feathers. This change was no random accident. It was a result of nature specifically selecting for this trait.