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Categories: Chemistry: Biochemistry, Engineering: Biometric
Published An implantable device could enable injection-free control of diabetes
(via sciencedaily.com) Engineers designed an implantable device that carries hundreds of thousands of islet cells along with its own on-board oxygen factory to keep the cells healthy. Such a device could help Type 1 diabetes patients eliminate the need for insulin injections.
Published Atomic layer deposition route to scalable, electronic-grade van der Waals Te thin films
(via sciencedaily.com) A research team has made a significant breakthrough in thin film deposition technology.
Published Brain inspires more robust AI
(via sciencedaily.com) Most artificially intelligent systems are based on neural networks, algorithms inspired by biological neurons found in the brain. These networks can consist of multiple layers, with inputs coming in one side and outputs going out of the other. The outputs can be used to make automatic decisions, for example, in driverless cars. Attacks to mislead a neural network can involve exploiting vulnerabilities in the input layers, but typically only the initial input layer is considered when engineering a defense. For the first time, researchers augmented a neural network's inner layers with a process involving random noise to improve its resilience.
Published Revolutionizing brain monitoring and stimulation with thin-film neural electrodes
(via sciencedaily.com) Flexible thin-film electrodes placed directly on brain tissue show promise for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. Thanks to an innovative yet straightforward design, these durable electrodes accurately match the mechanical properties of brain tissue, leading to better performance during electrocorticography recordings and targeted neural stimulation.
Published New camera offers ultrafast imaging at a fraction of the normal cost
(via sciencedaily.com) In a new paper, researchers report a camera that could offer a much less expensive way to achieve ultrafast imaging for a wide range of applications such as real-time monitoring of drug delivery or high-speed lidar systems for autonomous driving. Researchers show that their new diffraction-gated real-time ultrahigh-speed mapping (DRUM) camera can capture a dynamic event in a single exposure at 4.8 million frames per second.
Published Tiny nanocarriers could prove the magic bullet for acne sufferers
(via sciencedaily.com) It's a skin disorder that makes life miserable for around 800 million teenagers and adults worldwide, but cientists may have found an effective treatment for acne, delivered via tiny nanoparticles.
Published Majority rule in complex mixtures
(via sciencedaily.com) The very first life on earth is thought to have developed from 'protocells' -- liquid mixtures of many different types of molecules. Researchers have now shown that in such mixtures, small imbalances in the number of molecules of different types can have an unexpected effect. A surprising interplay with the complex pattern of interactions strongly amplifies such imbalances -- meaning that a type of molecule that is only slightly in the majority can almost entirely separate out from the others. These fundamental findings point towards a new mechanism that will apply in many complex mixtures. For instance, this would be a way for cells to control the formation of structures by fine-tuning the concentration of different molecules.
Published Chemist uses nature as inspiration for a sustainable, affordable adhesive system
(via sciencedaily.com) A chemist drew inspiration from the natural world, from his experiences scuba diving to studying shellfish in his lab. He has developed a sustainable adhesive system -- an alternative to toxic, permanent, traditional adhesives.
Published Researchers detail how disorder alters quantum spin liquids, forming a new phase of matter
(via sciencedaily.com) Physicists begin to shed light on one of the most important questions regarding quantum spin liquids, and they do so by introducing a new phase of matter.
Published Hot summer air turns into drinking water with new gel device
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have focused on the moisture present in the air as a potential source of drinking water for drought-stressed populations. They reached a significant breakthrough in their efforts to create drinkable water out of thin air: a molecularly engineered hydrogel that can create clean water using just the energy from sunlight.
Published Researchers discover iron-targeting approaches to halt proliferation of cancer cells
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers discovered a new class of iron-targeting compounds that hamper the proliferation of cultured malignant cells in a laboratory setting.
Published Important connectivity of metal oxides with hydrogen
(via sciencedaily.com) A recent article proposes a new way to understand how materials interact with hydrogen.
Published Bacteria generate electricity from wastewater
(via sciencedaily.com) In a breakthrough for the field of bioelectronics, researchers have enhanced the ability of E. coli bacteria to generate electricity. The innovative approach only offers a sustainable solution for organic waste processing while outperforming previous state-of-the-art technologies, opening new horizons for versatile microbial electricity production.
Published Polymer that can be adapted to high and low temperature extremes created
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed two closely related polymers that respond differently to high and low temperature thresholds, despite their similar design. The polymer pair could be used in applications in medicine, protein synthesis, protective coatings and other fields.
Published New study reveals the power of railroads to buffer coal plants from a carbon emissions tax
(via sciencedaily.com) A new study suggests that railroads are likely to cut transportation prices to prop up coal-fired plants if U.S. climate policies further disadvantage coal in favor of less carbon-intensive energy sources.
Published First device to monitor transplanted organs detects early signs of rejection
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed the first electronic device for continuously monitoring the health of transplanted organs in real time. Sitting directly on a transplanted kidney, the ultrathin, soft implant can detect temperature irregularities associated with inflammation and other body responses that arise with transplant rejection. Then, it alerts the patient or physician by wirelessly streaming data to a nearby smartphone or tablet. In a rat study, it detected rejection up to three times earlier than blood biomarkers and biopsies.
Published Developing a less invasive test for inflammatory bowel disease
(via sciencedaily.com) Millions of Americans have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which occurs in one of two forms: Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Though the two have similar symptoms, they require different treatment strategies, and tests to distinguish between them are invasive. Researchers now show that chains of sugar molecules are tacked onto antibodies differently in patients with the diseases, which could someday lead to a simple blood-based diagnostic test.
Published Engineers design more powerful RNA vaccines
(via sciencedaily.com) By adding synergistic self-adjuvanting properties to COVID-19 RNA vaccines, researchers showed they could significantly boost the immune response generated in mice.
Published Revolutionizing lithium production on a string
(via sciencedaily.com) Researchers have developed a new approach that slashes the land and time needed to extract lithium from brine, which could dramatically expand access to the critical mineral.
Published Extending the playing field for organosulfurs: a new way to synthesize sulfinate esters
(via sciencedaily.com) Sulfinate esters, a type of organosulfur compounds, are typically synthesized using thiols. However, these substances are difficult to work with due to their unpleasant smell and oxidizability in air. Now, a research team has found a way to produce sulfinate esters through the direct oxidation of thioesters, which are easily accessible and stable. Their findings will help expand the field of organosulfur chemistry and hopefully lead to new applications in pharmaceuticals.