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Categories: Biology: Developmental, Mathematics: Statistics

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Biology: Biotechnology Biology: Developmental
Published

Noncoding DNA explains a majority of the heritability of dairy cattle traits, like milk production and fertility      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Regulatory genes -- genes that control how other genes are used -- are responsible for 69% of the heritability of dairy cattle traits such as milk production and fertility, according to a new study. This contribution is 44% more than expected and much higher than previous studies of regulatory genes in humans. The findings, reported by a team of animal and human geneticists, could improve the efficiency of agricultural breeding programs. The study also helps solve the longstanding mystery of why mammalian genomes contain so much noncoding DNA.

Biology: Developmental
Published

Cracking the code that relates brain and behavior in a simple animal      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Researchers model and map how neurons across the tiny brain of a C. elegans worm encode its behaviors, revealing many new insights about the robustness and flexibility of its nervous system.

Biology: Developmental Biology: Microbiology Biology: Molecular
Published

'Viral relicts' in the genome could fuel neurodegeneration      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Genetic remnants of viruses that are naturally present in the human genome could affect the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Researchers come to this conclusion on the basis of studies on cell cultures.

Biology: Developmental
Published

Certain sugars affect brain 'plasticity,' helping with learning, memory, recovery      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Can you recognize an old friend, but forget what you had for breakfast yesterday? Our brains constantly rearrange their circuitry to retain information, but the molecular basis behind this process isn't well understood. New research suggests that complex sugars called glycosaminoglycans might play a major role in the 'plasticity' of the brains of mice and could be used to repair neural connections after injury.

Biology: Developmental Biology: Microbiology
Published

Building muscle in the lab      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

A new method allows large quantities of muscle stem cells to be safely obtained in cell culture. This provides a potential for treating patients with muscle diseases -- and for those who would like to eat meat, but don't want to kill animals.

Biology: Developmental
Published

Scientists discover external protein network can help stabilize neural connections      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

The Noelin family of secreted proteins bind to the external portion of AMPA glutamate receptors and stabilize them on the neuronal cellular membrane, a process necessary for transmission of full-strength signals between neurons, according to a new study.

Biology: Developmental Physics: Optics
Published

New algorithm captures complex 3D light scattering information from live specimens      (via sciencedaily.com) 

Researchers have developed a new algorithm for recovering the 3D refractive index distribution of biological samples that exhibit multiple types of light scattering.

Biology: Developmental Biology: Microbiology Mathematics: Modeling
Published

Distribution of genetic information during bacterial cell division      (via sciencedaily.com) 

A mathematical model provides new insights into the distribution of genetic information during bacterial cell division

Biology: Developmental Biology: Evolutionary
Published

Global consortium creates large-scale, cross-species database and universal 'clock' to estimate age in all mammalian tissues      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

An international research team details changes in DNA that researchers found are shared by humans and other mammals throughout history and are associated with life span and numerous other traits.

Biology: Developmental Biology: Microbiology
Published

Researchers engineer bacteria that can detect tumor DNA      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Creating new technologically advanced sensors, scientists have engineered bacteria that detect the presence of tumor DNA in live organisms. Their innovation could pave the way to new biosensors capable of identifying various infections, cancers and other diseases.

Biology: Developmental
Published

Scientists reverse hearing loss in mice      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

New research has successfully reversed hearing loss in mice. Scientists used a genetic approach to fix deafness in mice, restoring their hearing abilities in low and middle frequency ranges.

Biology: Developmental
Published

Surprising discovery of low-noise genes      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

While engaging in cell division research, researchers made a surprisingly quiet discovery. When cells express RNA, there is always some fluctuation, or noise, in how much RNA is produced. The scientists found several genes whose noise dips below a previously established threshold, known as the noise floor, during expression.

Biology: Developmental Offbeat: Computers and Math Offbeat: Plants and Animals
Published

The 'unknome': A database of human genes we know almost nothing about      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Researchers hope that a new, publicly available database they have created will shrink, not grow, over time. That's because it is a compendium of the thousands of understudied proteins encoded by genes in the human genome, whose existence is known but whose functions are mostly not.

Biology: Developmental
Published

Mineralization of bone matrix regulates tumor cell growth      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Tumor cells are known to be fickle sleeper agents, often lying dormant in distant tissues for years before reactivating and forming metastasis. Numerous factors have been studied to understand why the activation occurs, from cells and molecules to other components in the so-called tissue microenvironment.

Computer Science: General Mathematics: Statistics
Published

AI transformation of medicine: Why doctors are not prepared      (via sciencedaily.com) 

The success of artificial intelligence technologies depends largely on how physicians interpret and act upon a tool's risk predictions -- and that requires a unique set of skills that many are currently lacking, according to a new perspective article.

Biology: Developmental Biology: Microbiology
Published

Astonishing complexity of bacterial circadian clocks      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Bacteria make up more than 10% of all living things but until recently we had little realization that, as in humans, soil bacteria have internal clocks that synchronize their activities with the 24-hour cycles of day and night on Earth. New research shows just how complex and sophisticated these bacterial circadian clocks are, clearing the way for an exciting new phase of study.

Biology: Developmental Biology: Evolutionary Biology: Microbiology
Published

Parasites of viruses drive superbug evolution      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Researchers have discovered a previously unknown mechanism by which bacteria share their genetic material through virus parasites. The insights could help scientists to better understand how bacteria rapidly adapt and evolve, and how they become more virulent and resistant to antibiotics.

Mathematics: Modeling Mathematics: Statistics
Published

How good is that AI-penned radiology report?      (via sciencedaily.com) 

New study identifies concerning gaps between how human radiologists score the accuracy of AI-generated radiology reports and how automated systems score them. Researchers designed two novel scoring systems that outperform current automated systems that evaluate the accuracy of AI narrative reports. Reliable scoring systems that accurately gauge the performance of AI models are critical for ensuring that AI continues to improve and that clinicians can trust them.

Biology: Developmental
Published

Study finds a surprising new role for a major immune regulator      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

The immune regulatory protein STING has a previously unknown function: acting as an ion channel that allows protons to leak into cells. This discovery makes it the first human immune sensor that can translate danger signals into ion flow.

Biology: Developmental Biology: Evolutionary
Published

DNA tilts and stretches underlie differences in mutation rates across genomes      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Researchers have changed the way to look at DNA. They show that DNA is much more than a linear sequence of building blocks; it has a 3D structure that influences the variation of human genome-wide mutation rates meaningfully and consistently, and this is likely conserved among species.