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Categories: Biology: Zoology, Physics: Optics

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Biology: General Biology: Zoology Ecology: Animals
Published

How and why animals can live alongside humans      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

New research suggests animals can thrive in human-dominated environments by being expert judges of risk. Researchers examined the behavior of great-tailed grackles, a bird species successfully invading much of urban North America, showing that the dispersing males shy away from risk, which is a characteristic the researchers show is well-suited to chaotic environments like cities. These findings provide unique insight into how and why animals and humans can coexist.

Anthropology: Early Humans Anthropology: General Archaeology: General Biology: Biochemistry Biology: Cell Biology Biology: General Biology: Zoology Ecology: Animals Paleontology: Fossils
Published

When did the chicken cross the road? New evidence from Central Asia      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

An international team of scholars present the earliest clear archaeological and biomolecular evidence for the raising of chickens for egg production, based on material from 12 archaeological sites spanning one and a half millennia. The research indicates that the domestic chicken, now a staple in diets around the world, is not as ancient as previously thought.

Environmental: General Environmental: Water Geoscience: Environmental Issues Physics: Optics
Published

Biofilm-resistant glass for marine environments      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Engineers have created ultraviolet (UV) rays-emitting glass that can reduce 98% of biofilm from growing on surfaces in underwater environments.

Computer Science: Encryption Computer Science: General Computer Science: Quantum Computers Physics: General Physics: Optics Physics: Quantum Computing Physics: Quantum Physics
Published

100 kilometers of quantum-encrypted transfer      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Researchers have taken a big step towards securing information against hacking. They have succeeded in using quantum encryption to securely transfer information 100 kilometers via fiber optic cable -- roughly equivalent to the distance between Oxford and London.

Biology: Biochemistry Biology: Evolutionary Biology: General Biology: Zoology Ecology: Extinction Ecology: Nature Ecology: Trees
Published

Computational tools fuel reconstruction of new and improved bird family tree      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Using cutting-edge computational methods and supercomputing infrastructure, researchers have built the largest and most detailed bird family tree to date -- an intricate chart delineating 93 million years of evolutionary relationships between 363 bird species, representing 92% of all bird families. The updated tree reveals sharp increases in effective population size, substitution rates and relative brain size in early birds in the aftermath of the mass extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs 66 million years ago. And by closely examining one of the branches of this tree, researchers found that flamingos and doves are more distantly related than previous genome-wide analyses had shown.

Biology: Biochemistry Biology: General Biology: Zoology Ecology: Animals Ecology: Nature
Published

Machine learning provides a new picture of the great gray owl      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Researchers upend the notion that the iconic great gray owl -- known as the phantom of the North -- lives far from cities, towns and other markers of human density.

Biology: Zoology Ecology: Animals Ecology: Nature
Published

Small birds spice up the already diverse diet of spotted hyenas in Namibia      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Hyenas are generalist predators (and scavengers) with a broad range of prey species. They are known for hunting (or scavenging) larger mammals such as antelopes and occasionally feed on smaller mammals and reptiles. Being flexible in the choice of prey is a strategy of generalists -- and this even extends to small passerine birds, as scientists observed in Namibia: Spotted hyenas pursued red-billed queleas, picked them from the ground or the surface of a waterhole and swallowed them whole, at a success rate of approximately one bird every three minutes.

Biology: Botany Biology: Zoology Ecology: Animals Ecology: Nature
Published

Lyrebird synchronizes elements of its mating dance      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

To woo a mate, the Albert's Lyrebird of Australia becomes a real song-and-dance bird. Each male first chooses a stage of entangled vines, then in performance he shakes the vines as part of his courtship footwork, synchronizing each shake with the beat of his striking song.

Mathematics: Modeling Physics: Optics
Published

Artificial intelligence boosts super-resolution microscopy      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) might be best known from text or image-creating applications like ChatGPT or Stable Diffusion. But its usefulness beyond that is being shown in more and more different scientific fields.

Engineering: Nanotechnology Physics: Optics
Published

Can metalens be commercialized at a fraction of the cost?      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Researchers suggests a groundbreaking strategy to expedite the commercialization of metalens technology.

Chemistry: General Environmental: General Geoscience: Environmental Issues Geoscience: Geochemistry Physics: Optics
Published

Study unlocks the power of visible light for sustainable chemistry      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

A breakthrough in sustainable molecular transformations has been announced. Chemists have developed an important way to harness the power of visible light to drive chemical processes with greater efficiencies, offering a greener alternative to traditional methods.

Biology: Biochemistry Biology: Zoology Ecology: Animals Environmental: Water
Published

Understanding cattle grazing personalities may foster sustainable rangelands      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

New research finds that not all cattle are the same when it comes to grazing, and knowing that could lead to better animal health and range conditions.

Chemistry: General Chemistry: Inorganic Chemistry Computer Science: General Physics: Optics
Published

More efficient TVs, screens and lighting      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

New multidisciplinary research could lead to more efficient televisions, computer screens and lighting.

Biology: Biochemistry Biology: General Biology: Marine Biology: Zoology Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: Extinction Ecology: Sea Life Environmental: General Geoscience: Environmental Issues
Published

Scientists warn: The grey seal hunt is too large      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Researchers warn that today's hunting quotas of about 3,000 animals pose a risk to the long-term survival of the grey seal in the Baltic Sea. The conclusions of this new study are based on statistics from 20th century seal hunting and predictions of future climate change.

Engineering: Nanotechnology Physics: Optics
Published

A tiny spot leads to a large advancement in nano-processing, researchers reveal      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Focusing a tailored laser beam through transparent glass can create a tiny spot inside the material. Researchers have reported on a way to use this small spot to improve laser material processing, boosting processing resolution.

Biology: Biochemistry Biology: General Biology: Zoology Ecology: Endangered Species Ecology: Extinction Ecology: Nature Geoscience: Environmental Issues
Published

Looking to the past to prevent future extinction      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

Anthropologists created a computational model to predict the likelihood of animal extinctions based on the complex interaction of hunting and environmental change.

Biology: Biochemistry Biology: General Biology: Zoology
Published

The behavior of ant queens is shaped by their social environment      (via sciencedaily.com)     Original source 

The queens in colonies of social insects, such as ants, bees, and wasps, are considered the veritable embodiment of specialization in the animal kingdom. The common perception is that the queen's only task is to lay eggs -- and that this attribute is an inherent trait, not influenced by external factors. In contrast, recent research has demonstrated that in certain ant colonies the social environment can play a crucial role in shaping the behavioral specialization of the queens.