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Categories: Biology: Biochemistry, Geoscience: Environmental Issues
Published Genome study informs restoration of American chestnut tree



Researchers use genomes to help restore the American chestnut population and adjust species breeding to the changing climate.
Published Waste Styrofoam can now be converted into polymers for electronics



A new study describes a chemical reaction that can convert Styrofoam into a high-value conducting polymer known as PEDOT:PSS. Researchers also noted that the upgraded plastic waste can be successfully incorporated into functional electronic devices, including silicon-based hybrid solar cells and organic electrochemical transistors.
Published Fish adjust reproduction in response to predators



Some species of fish can evolve their egg-laying habits in response to predators in the area in order to survive, according to new research.
Published Chemists design novel method for generating sustainable fuel



Chemists have been working to synthesize high-value materials from waste molecules for years.
Published The rhythm led by plants is crucial for symbiosis with nutrient-providing bacteria



Recent research on Lotus japonicus, a model leguminous plant, has unveiled that the interaction between legume roots and rhizobia is characterized by periodic gene expression with a six-hour rhythm. This rhythmic gene expression influences the regions of the root susceptible to rhizobial infection and the distribution of nodules. It was also discovered that the plant hormone cytokinin is crucial for maintaining this gene expression rhythm.
Published New humidity-driven membrane to remove carbon dioxide from the air



A new ambient-energy-driven membrane that pumps carbon dioxide out of the air has been developed by researchers.
Published Converting wastewater to fertilizer with fungal treatment



Creating fertilizers from organic waste can help reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and promote sustainable production. One way of doing this is through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), which converts biomass into biocrude oil through a high-temperature, high-pressure process. Two studies explore the use of a fungal treatment to convert the leftover wastewater into fertilizer for agricultural crops.
Published How pollution may remain in water after oil spill cleanups



The way oil drops break up at the water's surface means some oil may not get cleaned up after a spill.
Published Hundreds of new genome sequences fill gaps in the fruit fly tree of life



A multitude of new genomic sequence data fills major gaps in the fruit fly tree of life, researchers report.
Published Rural belts around cities can reduce urban summer temperatures by up to 0.5°C



The key to cooling 'urban heat islands' may lie in the countryside, according to a new study.
Published Small animals acquire genes from bacteria that can produce antibiotics



A group of small, freshwater animals (bdelloid rotifers) protect themselves from infections using antibiotic recipes 'stolen' from bacteria, according to new research. This raises the potential that rotifers are producing novel antimicrobials that may be less toxic to animals, including humans, than those we develop from bacteria and fungi.
Published Study shows new efficiency standards for heavy trucks could boost energy use



A new study suggests that the U.S. government's push to increase heavy-duty trucks' energy efficiency could encourage more shipping by truck instead of rail, reducing the policies' anticipated effectiveness by 20%.
Published Minerals play newly discovered role in Earth's phosphorus cycle



Plants and microbes are known to secrete enzymes to transform organic phosphorus into bioavailable inorganic phosphorus. Now, researchers found that iron oxide in soil performs the same transformation. Discovery is important for food security, which requires phosphorus as a crop fertilizer.
Published Analyzing internal world models of humans, animals and AI



Researchers have developed a new formal description of internal world models, thereby enabling interdisciplinary research. Internal world models help to make predictions about new situations based on previous experience and to help find one's bearings. The new formalized view helps to compare world models of humans, animals and AI and to eliminate deficits.
Published Using AI to scrutinize, validate theories on animal evolution



By harnessing the power of machine learning, researchers have constructed a framework for analyzing what factors most significantly contribute to a species' genetic diversity.
Published Secrets behind viral precision



New research is shedding light on how viruses ensure their survival by precisely timing the release of new viruses. The discovery offers a new theoretical framework for understanding these dynamic biological phenomena.
Published Groundcherry gets genetic upgrades: Turning a garden curiosity into an agricultural powerhouse



Imagine a small fruit that tastes like a cross between a tomato and a pineapple, wrapped in its own natural paper lantern. That's the groundcherry (Physalis grisea) -- a little-known relative of tomatoes that's been quietly growing in gardens and small farms across North America for centuries. Now, this humble fruit is getting a 21st-century upgrade thanks to some cutting-edge genetic research.
Published Although tiny, peatland microorganisms have a big impact on climate



Polyphenols are generally toxic to microorganisms. In peatlands, scientists thought microorganisms avoided this toxicity by degrading polyphenols using an oxygen-dependent enzyme, and thus that low-oxygen conditions inhibit microbes' carbon cycling. However, a new study found that Arctic peatland microorganisms used alternative enzymes, with and without oxygen, to break down polyphenols. This suggests carbon stored in these ecosystems is more at risk than previously thought.
Published The courtship of leopard seals off the coast of South America



A pioneering study has unveiled the first paired observations of sexual behavior and vocalizations in wild leopard seals. The study on the mysterious leopard seal represents a major advance in understanding the behavior of one of the most difficult apex predators to study on Earth.
Published Microbes found to destroy certain 'forever chemicals'



An environmental engineering team has discovered that specific bacterial species can cleave the strong fluorine-to-carbon bond certain kinds of 'forever chemical' water pollutants, offering promise for low-cost treatments of contaminated drinking water.