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Categories: Biology: Cell Biology, Energy: Batteries
Published Microbial awakening restructures high-latitude food webs as permafrost thaws
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Wildlife biologists used a novel technique to trace the movement of carbon through Arctic and boreal forest food webs and found that climate warming resulted in a shift from plant-based food webs to fungal-based food webs for several high-latitude species, with potential indirect effects on nutrient cycling and ecosystem function.
Published Bacteria load their syringes
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Many bacterial pathogens use small injection apparatuses to manipulate the cells of their hosts, such as humans, so that they can spread throughout the body. To do this, they need to fill their syringes with the relevant injection agent. A technique that tracks the individual movement of proteins revealed how bacteria accomplish this challenging task.
Published New reasons eating less fat should be one of your resolutions
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new study to motivate your New Year's resolutions: it demonstrates that high-fat diets negatively impact genes linked not only to obesity, colon cancer and irritable bowels, but also to the immune system and brain function.
Published Potency of synthetic antibiotic against serious chronic infections
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new synthetic antibiotic is shown to be more effective than established drugs against 'superbugs' such as MRSA, a new study shows.
Published Elusive cytonemes guide neural development, provide signaling 'express route'
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Discover the first images of cytonemes during mammalian neural development, serving as express routes to establish morphogen gradients and tissue patterning.
Published First step towards synthetic CO2 fixation in living cells
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Three modules forming a new-to-nature CO2 fixation cycle have been successfully implemented in E.coli.
Published Healthy omega-3 fats may slow deadly pulmonary fibrosis
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Higher levels of omega-3, the healthy fat found in fish and nuts, were associated with better lung function and longer transplant-free survival.
Published Low-carbohydrate diets emphasizing healthy, plant-based sources associated with slower long-term weight gain
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Low-carbohydrate diets comprised mostly of plant-based proteins and fats with healthy carbohydrates such as whole grains were associated with slower long-term weight gain than low-carbohydrate diets comprised mostly of animal proteins and fats with unhealthy carbohydrates like refined starches, according to a new study.
Published New material allows for better hydrogen-based batteries and fuel cells
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers have developed a solid electrolyte for transporting hydride ions at room temperature. This breakthrough means that the full advantages of hydrogen-based solid-state batteries and fuel cells can be had without the need for constant hydration. This will reduce their complexity and cost, which is essential for advancing towards a practical hydrogen-based energy economy.
Published Stinky, bitter, and painful: A novel insect repellent attacks multiple sensory pathways
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers found that a Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) A1 stimulant, 2-methylthiazoline (2MT), act as a potent insect repellent in Drosophila. 2MT induces aversive behaviors via olfactory, gustatory, and nociceptive sensory pathways. 2MT acts on TRPA1 through specific cysteine residues that are conserved across many insect pest species.
Published Big impacts from small changes in cell
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Tiny things matter -- for instance, one amino acid can completely alter the architecture of the cell. Researchers have now investigated the structure and mechanics of the main component of the cytoskeleton of the cell: a protein known as actin. Actin is found in all living cells where it has a range of important functions -- from muscle contraction to cell signalling and cell shape. This protein comes in two different varieties termed 'isoforms', which are known as gamma actin and beta actin.
Published Polymers that can kill bacteria
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Scientists have created a new family of polymers capable of killing bacteria without inducing antibiotic resistance -- a major step in the fight against superbugs like E. coli and MRSA.
Published How jellyfish regenerate functional tentacles in days
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source At about the size of a pinkie nail, the jellyfish species Cladonema can regenerate an amputated tentacle in two to three days -- but how? Regenerating functional tissue across species, including salamanders and insects, relies on the ability to form a blastema, a clump of undifferentiated cells that can repair damage and grow into the missing appendage. Jellyfish, along with other cnidarians such as corals and sea anemones, exhibit high regeneration abilities, but how they form the critical blastema has remained a mystery until now.
Published Researchers map how measles virus spreads in human brain
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Researchers mapped how the measles virus mutated and spread in the brain of a person who succumbed to a rare, lethal brain disease. New cases of this disease, which is a complication of the measles virus, may occur as measles reemerges among the unvaccinated, say researchers.
Published GPCR structure: Research reveals molecular origins of function for a key drug target
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Scientists reveal how G protein-coupled receptors, major therapeutic drug targets, decode critical properties of their ligands.
Published Five new species of soft-furred hedgehogs from Southeast Asia
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new study identifies five new species of soft-furred hedgehogs from Southeast Asia. The study used DNA analysis and physical characteristics to describe two entirely new species of soft-furred hedgehogs and elevate three subspecies to the level of species.
Published New tool unifies single-cell data
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source A new methodology that allows for the categorization and organization of single-cell data has been launched. It can be used to create a harmonized dataset for the study of human health and disease.
Published Location, location, location: The hidden power of intracellular neighborhoods
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source New findings provide details about the hidden organization of the cytoplasm, showing it makes a big difference where in that cellular broth that messenger RNA (mRNA) get translated into proteins. The findings hold promise for increasing or altering the production of proteins in mRNA vaccines and therapies.
Published Inside the matrix: Nanoscale patterns revealed within model research organism
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Following years of research and the power of a technologically advanced instrument, scientists have detailed the complex nanoscale exoskeleton patterns of the roundworm, a model laboratory organism, revealing clues about how skin layers are bound together.
Published The future of canine stem cell therapy: unprecedented, painless, and feeder-free
(via sciencedaily.com) Original source Scientists have developed an efficient, non-invasive, and pain-free method to generate canine-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). They identified six reprogramming genes that can boost canine iPSC generation by 120 times compared to conventional methods using fibroblasts. The iPSCs were created from urine-derived cells without the need for feeder cells, an impossible feat until now. Their findings are expected to advance regenerative medicine and genetic disease research in veterinary medicine.