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Published Universal flu vaccine candidate protects against infection in mice (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
A new flu vaccine candidate incorporates proteins from 8 strains of influenza.
Published Catalyst for 'one-step' conversion of methane to methanol (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
Scientists have engineered a highly selective catalyst that can convert methane, a major component of natural gas, into methanol, an easily transportable liquid fuel, in a single, one-step reaction. This direct process for methane-to-methanol conversion runs at a temperature lower than required to make tea and exclusively produces methanol without additional byproducts.
Published Pollution drives families to relocate -- but only the rich can afford to live in healthier areas (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
Pollution levels factor in households' decision to relocate within the United States, but only richer households can afford areas with improved air quality, a new study finds. Researchers analyse detailed origin and destination information of relocating households, rather than just aggregate migration flows, and uncover a direct link between a household's income and their new chosen county of residence. They find inequalities exist when it comes to who is exposed to the worst areas of pollution -- with poorer families hit hardest. Richer households opt to move into cleaner, healthier areas that tend to be more expensive. However poorer families are priced out of these counties and are the ones who move into areas with higher levels of toxic releases.
Published Hydrogels can play Pong by 'remembering' previous patterns of electrical simulation (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
Non-living hydrogels can play the video game Pong and improve their gameplay with more experience, researchers report. The researchers hooked hydrogels up to a virtual game environment and then applied a feedback loop between the hydrogel's paddle -- encoded by the distribution of charged particles within the hydrogel -- and the ball's position -- encoded by electrical stimulation. With practice, the hydrogel's accuracy improved by up to 10%, resulting in longer rallies. The researchers say that this demonstrates the ability of non-living materials to use 'memory' to update their understanding of the environment, though more research is needed before it could be said that hydrogels can 'learn.'
Published Alzheimer's drug may someday help save lives by inducing a state of 'suspended animation' (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
Researchers have found that an Alzheimer's drug, donepezil, can induce a safe and reversible torpor-like state in tadpoles of the Xenopus laevis species at room temperature. This 'biostasis' achievement could offer a way to slow down the human body's processes and buy patients more time to survive critical injuries and diseases, even when disaster strikes far from a hospital.
Published Antarctica vulnerable to invasive species hitching rides on plastic and organic debris (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
A new study reveals how ocean biology and marine pollution can end up on Antarctica's shoreline.
Published Gut molecule slows fat burning during fasting (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
In a struggle that probably sounds familiar to dieters everywhere, the less a Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) worm eats, the more slowly it loses fat. Now, scientists have discovered why: a small molecule produced by the worms' intestines during fasting travels to the brain to block a fat-burning signal during this time.
Published Next time you beat a virus, thank your microbial ancestors (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
When you get infected with a virus, some of the first weapons your body deploys to fight it were passed down to us from our microbial ancestors billions of years ago. According to new research, two key elements of our innate immune system came from a group of microbes called Asgard archaea.
Published Life from a drop of rain: New research suggests rainwater helped form the first protocell walls (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
New research shows that rainwater could have helped create a meshy wall around protocells 3.8 billion years ago, a critical step in the transition from tiny beads of RNA to every bacterium, plant, animal, and human that ever lived.
Published Extraterrestrial chemistry with earthbound possibilities (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
Who are we? Why are we here? We are stardust, the result of chemistry occurring throughout vast clouds of interstellar gas and dust. To better understand how that chemistry could create prebiotic molecules, researchers investigated the role of low-energy electrons created as cosmic radiation traverses through ice particles. Their findings may also inform medical and environmental applications on our home planet.
Published A deep dive for environmental data on coastal oceans (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
A new study addresses the lack of data on how much human-generated carbon dioxide is present in coastal oceans -- the saltwater ecosystems that link the land and sea. Capturing this data is crucial to calculating how much emissions must be cut in the future.
Published Killing giant ragweed just got harder for some Wisconsin farmers (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
When giant ragweed takes hold in a crop field, the towering weed reduces yield and sends plumes of its famously allergy-inducing pollen into the air. There are few tools available to thwart the menace, especially for farmers growing non-GMO soybeans. Now, some Wisconsin farmers are left with even fewer options.
Published COPD and BPD: Inhalation of live Lactobacilli lessens lung inflammation and improves lung function (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
In preclinical models, the inhalation of a mixture of living Lactobacilli bacteria attenuated pulmonary inflammation and improved lung function and structure for the chronic lung diseases bronchopulmonary dysplasia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study determined the mechanism of this live biotherapeutic product -- a powder mixture of living Lactobacilli bacteria -- to reduce neutrophilic inflammation and reduce a broad swath of inflammatory markers in BPD and COPD.
Published Honey bees may play key role in spreading viruses to wild bumblebees (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
Honey bees may play a role in increasing virus levels in wild bumble bees each spring, according to researchers who analyzed seasonal trends of parasite and virus transmission in bees.
Published Human-wildlife overlap expected to increase across more than half of land on Earth by 2070 (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
Human-wildlife overlap could increase across about 57% of the global lands by 2070 and could lead to more conflict between people and animals. Understanding where the overlap is likely to occur -- and which animals are likely to interact with humans in specific areas -- will be crucial information for urban planners, conservationists and countries that have pledged international conservation commitments.
Published Freeze-frame: World's fastest microscope that can see electrons in motion (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
A team of researchers has developed the first transmission electron microscope which operates at the temporal resolution of a single attosecond, allowing for the first still-image of an electron in motion.
Published Highest prediction of sea-level rise unlikely (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
A new study challenges as highly unlikely an alarming prediction of sea-level rise that -- while designated as low likelihood --earned a spot in the latest UN climate report for its projection that the collapse of polar ice sheets could make the world's oceans up to 50 feet higher by 2300. But researchers found that the model is based on inaccurate physics of how ice sheets retreat and break apart, though they stress that the accelerating loss of ice from Greenland and Antarctica is still dire.
Published New study reveals devastating power and colossal extent of a giant underwater avalanche off the Moroccan coast (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
New research has revealed how an underwater avalanche grew more than 100 times in size causing a massive trail of destruction as it traveled 2000km across the Atlantic Ocean seafloor off the North West coast of Africa. Researchers provide an unprecedented insight into the scale, force and impact of one of nature's mysterious phenomena, underwater avalanches.
Published To kill mammoths in the Ice Age, people used planted pikes, not throwing spears, researchers say (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
Archeologists say new findings might help resolve the debate about Clovis points and reshape how we think about what life was like roughly 13,000 years ago. After an extensive review of writings and artwork -- and an experiment with replica Clovis point spears -- a team of archaeologists says humans may have braced the butt of their weapons against the ground in a way that would impale a charging animal. The force would have driven the spear deeper into the predator's body, unleashing a more damaging blow than even the strongest prehistoric hunters would have been capable of by throwing or jabbing megafauna.
Published Using AI to link heat waves to global warming (via sciencedaily.com) Original source
Researchers used machine learning to determine how much global warming has influenced extreme weather events in the U.S. and elsewhere in recent years. Their approach could change how scientists study and predict the impact of climate change on extreme weather.